仿生超疏水表面的发展及其应用研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20180591

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受自然界荷叶 “出淤泥而不染”的启发, 超疏水现象引起了研究者广泛的关注, 并成功制备了人工超疏水表面。本文对典型的仿生超疏水材料进行梳理, 并针对近期研究成果进行了综述, 对超疏水涂层的诸多制备方法作了优缺点总结和评述, 概述了超疏水涂层在自清洁、防覆冰、耐腐蚀和油水分离领域的应用研究现状, 尤其对超疏水防覆冰的机理及实现方式作了总结分析, 剖析了现阶段超疏水研究过程中面临的挑战, 展望了未来的发展趋势, 希望为超疏水涂层在工程领域的应用研究提供参考。

关键词: 仿生材料, 超疏水涂层, 自清洁, 防覆冰, 耐腐蚀, 油水分离, 综述

Abstract:

Inspired by the lotus leaves in nature against contaminants in the muddy environment, superhydrophobic phenomena has attracted tremendous attentions among the research communities, and triggered the researchers to fabricate an artificial superhydrophobic surface for real-time applications. In this paper, the development of bioinspired materials is combed in accordance with time evolution. Besides, the advantages/disadvantages of numerous preparations in superhydrophobic coating are discussed through the recent researches. In addition, the recent advances of superhydrophobic applications are summarized, such as self-cleaning behavior, anti-icing properties, anti-corrosion performance and oil/water separation. Particularly, this review introduces the mechanism and implementation of anti-icing properties by superhydrophobic coating. As for superhydrophobic coating, current challenges are pointed out and its future development for applications is prospected. Overall, this review provides a reference for research and development of superhydrophobic coatings.

Key words: bioinspired materials, superhydrophobic coating, self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, oil/water separation, review

中图分类号:

TB34

佟威, 熊党生. 仿生超疏水表面的发展及其应用研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(11): 1133-1144.

TONG Wei, XIONG Dang-Sheng. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Materials: Progress and Functional Application[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(11): 1133-1144.

图/表 11

参考文献 118

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Year	Bioinspired materials	Multiple functionalities for applications	Ref.
1997	Lotus leaf	Superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning	[8-9]
2000	Gecko foot-hair Spider silk	Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion Water collection	[10] [23]
2001	Desert beetle	Superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity	[11]
2002	Rice leaf Cactus stems	Superhydrophobicity, anisotropic wetting Fog collection, gradient wetting	[2] [24]
2004	Water strider leg Cicada wing	Superhydrophobicity, fluid friction reduction Superhydrophobicity, antireflection	[12] [13]
2006	Nepenthes pitcher plant	Slippery, underwater omniphobicity	[31-34]
2007	Butterfly wing Mosquito eye	Anisotropic wetting, structural coloration Antireflection, antifogging	[14] [15]
2008	Red rose petal	Superhydrophobicity, high or low adhesion	[16]
2009	Fish scale	Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity	[17]
2010	Salvinia leaf Shark skin	Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion Fluid drag reduction	[18-19] [26-27]
2011	Poplar leaf hair Springtail cuticle	Superhydrophobicity, antireflection Superamphiphobicity	[20] [28]
2012	Clam shell	Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity	[21]
2016	Penguin feather Skimmer beak	Icephobicity Drag reduction	[22] [29]
2018	Sarracenia trichome Earthworms	Water harvesting and transport Self-replenishing lubrication, friction reduction, antifouling	[25] [30]

Year	Bioinspired materials	Multiple functionalities for applications	Ref.
1997	Lotus leaf	Superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning	[8-9]
2000	Gecko foot-hair Spider silk	Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion Water collection	[10] [23]
2001	Desert beetle	Superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity	[11]
2002	Rice leaf Cactus stems	Superhydrophobicity, anisotropic wetting Fog collection, gradient wetting	[2] [24]
2004	Water strider leg Cicada wing	Superhydrophobicity, fluid friction reduction Superhydrophobicity, antireflection	[12] [13]
2006	Nepenthes pitcher plant	Slippery, underwater omniphobicity	[31-34]
2007	Butterfly wing Mosquito eye	Anisotropic wetting, structural coloration Antireflection, antifogging	[14] [15]
2008	Red rose petal	Superhydrophobicity, high or low adhesion	[16]
2009	Fish scale	Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity	[17]
2010	Salvinia leaf Shark skin	Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion Fluid drag reduction	[18-19] [26-27]
2011	Poplar leaf hair Springtail cuticle	Superhydrophobicity, antireflection Superamphiphobicity	[20] [28]
2012	Clam shell	Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity	[21]
2016	Penguin feather Skimmer beak	Icephobicity Drag reduction	[22] [29]
2018	Sarracenia trichome Earthworms	Water harvesting and transport Self-replenishing lubrication, friction reduction, antifouling	[25] [30]

Preparation	Advantages and Disadvantages	Mechanical durability			Wetting behaviors		Ref.
Preparation	Advantages and Disadvantages	Sandpaper	Loading	Anti-wear situation	Before wear/(°)	After wear/(°)	Ref.
Etching methods	Time-saving, low cost, but poor mechanical durability	400#	100 g	200 cm	161	156	[42]
		240#	200 g	100 cm	162	154	[44]
		Oscillating sand test Sand erosion test		120 min	170	155	[41]
		Oscillating sand test Sand erosion test		9 kg	161	158	[43]
Electrochemical methods	Fast, easily tuned, good mechanical durability, but high energy-consumption, needed complex operations	1000#	1.3 kPa	500 cm	160	148	[49]
		1000#	1.3 kPa	500 cm	167	137	[51]
		400#	2 kPa	1200 cm	155	143	[52]
		800#	3 kPa	200 cm	162	142	[53]
		1000#	3 kPa	200 cm	160	156	[54]
		400#	100 g	500 cm	165	>150	[58]
Chemical and physical deposition	Appplicable to different substrates, excellent mechanical durability, but time-consuming, limited to small areas	1000#	5 kPa	1010 cm	152	149	[62]
		800#	53 g	400 cm	157	152	[63]
		320#	300 g	1460 cm	178	140	[64]
		1200#	100 g	320 cm	152	150	[65]
		240#	100 g	400 cm	168	156	[66]
		200#	200 g	965 cm	166	153	[67]
		2000#	9.8 kPa	6000 cm	164	150	[68]
		1000#	100 g	400 cm	158	151	[69]
		1500#	200 g	500 cm	153	150	[70]
Any other methods	-	1000#	50 g	1200 cm	172	150	[74]
Any other methods	-	-	400 g	500 cm	158	150	[76]

Preparation	Advantages and Disadvantages	Mechanical durability			Wetting behaviors		Ref.
Preparation	Advantages and Disadvantages	Sandpaper	Loading	Anti-wear situation	Before wear/(°)	After wear/(°)	Ref.
Etching methods	Time-saving, low cost, but poor mechanical durability	400#	100 g	200 cm	161	156	[42]
		240#	200 g	100 cm	162	154	[44]
		Oscillating sand test Sand erosion test		120 min	170	155	[41]
		Oscillating sand test Sand erosion test		9 kg	161	158	[43]
Electrochemical methods	Fast, easily tuned, good mechanical durability, but high energy-consumption, needed complex operations	1000#	1.3 kPa	500 cm	160	148	[49]
		1000#	1.3 kPa	500 cm	167	137	[51]
		400#	2 kPa	1200 cm	155	143	[52]
		800#	3 kPa	200 cm	162	142	[53]
		1000#	3 kPa	200 cm	160	156	[54]
		400#	100 g	500 cm	165	>150	[58]
Chemical and physical deposition	Appplicable to different substrates, excellent mechanical durability, but time-consuming, limited to small areas	1000#	5 kPa	1010 cm	152	149	[62]
		800#	53 g	400 cm	157	152	[63]
		320#	300 g	1460 cm	178	140	[64]
		1200#	100 g	320 cm	152	150	[65]
		240#	100 g	400 cm	168	156	[66]
		200#	200 g	965 cm	166	153	[67]
		2000#	9.8 kPa	6000 cm	164	150	[68]
		1000#	100 g	400 cm	158	151	[69]
		1500#	200 g	500 cm	153	150	[70]
Any other methods	-	1000#	50 g	1200 cm	172	150	[74]
Any other methods	-	-	400 g	500 cm	158	150	[76]

Superhydrophobic surfaces (Ref.)	[101]	[102]	[103]	[104]	[105]	[106]	[107]
Ice adhesion strength	35.7 kPa	201 kPa	100 kPa	64.7 kPa	25 N	113 kPa	26.3 kPa
Contact angles/(°)	164	154.3	164	157	161	153	155.3
Sliding angles/(°)	1.5	4.1	2	-	6.5	14.3	2