Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Porous SnO2 Agglomerates

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2011.11557

Abstract

Abstract:

Porous SnO₂ agglomerates with crystalline pore walls were obtained by employing CTAB and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) as molecular co-templates via hydrothermal method. Tin (IV) chloride dihydrate was used as the inorganic precursor at high molar ratio of surfactant/Sn⁴⁺. The resulting samples were characterized by SEM, (HR)TEM, XRD, thermal analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption to examine the structural and morphological characters. The results indicate that the addition of small co-template TMP can facilitate the assembling of tin ions near the CTAB micelles, which can increase the specific surface area and improve the thermal stability of the resulted sample. The electrochemical properties of porous SnO₂ as the anode materials of lithium-ion battery (LIB) are further investigated by using galvanostatic method. The porous SnO₂ calcined at 300℃ displays a much higher reversible capacity of 962.4 mAh/g, which can be ascribed to the incomplete combustion of the organic materials and the unique nanostructure itself. The addition of bigger counter ions with large electric negativity might give an alternative approach to improve the properties of porous metal oxides synthesized by soft template method.

Key words: porous SnO₂ agglomerates, hydrothermal method, molecular co-template, lithium ion battery

CLC Number:

TQ174

LI Fang, ZHU Ying-Chun. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Porous SnO₂ Agglomerates[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2012, 27(2): 219-224.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 TG profiles of the as-synthesized sample (a) and SEM image of porous SnO2 synthesized at 300℃ (b)

Fig. 2 TEM (a) and the HRTEM (b) images of porous SnO2 synthesized at 300℃, insert is the corresponding SAED pattern

Fig. 3 TEM images of porous SnO2 synthesized at different temperatures

Fig. 4 XRD patterns (a) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (b) of porous SnO2 synthesized at 300, 350 and 400℃

Table 1 Structural properties of the as-produced samples

Porous SnO₂	BET area /(m²∙g^-1)	Average pore size/nm	Pore volume/ (cm³∙g^-1)
300℃	146.1	6.86	0.304
350℃	67.6	4.87	0.209
400℃	59.6	2.37	0.182

Fig. 5 Comparison of (a) the first charge and discharge curves and the cycling performance of porous SnO2 synthesized at different temperatures (b) 300℃, (c) 350℃, (d) 400℃

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Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Porous SnO₂ Agglomerates

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