Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays@Activated Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Its Electrochemical Application

doi:10.15541/jim20180343

Abstract

Abstract:

Co₃O₄@activated carbon fibers (ACF) composites were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method followed by calcination process, involving the growth of Co₃O₄ nanowires on ACF surface. Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O was used as Co source, urea and NH₄F as additives. The structures and morphologies of Co₃O₄@ACF composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂adsorption/desorption measures, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical properties of Co₃O₄@ACF composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that Co₃O₄ nanowire arrays uniformly grew on the surface of ACF along the vertical direction, forming abundant mesoporous structures. Co₃O₄@ACF composites with various Co₃O₄fractions could be obtained by adding different amount of Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O. Furthermore, Co₃O₄@ACF composite with 47wt% Co₃O₄fraction exhibited a high specific capacitance of 566.9 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, which was almost twice as high as that of pure Co₃O₄. Even at 15 A/g, the composite still delivered a specific capacitance of 393.3 F/g, showing good rate capability. The specific capacitance of the composite could retain 84.2% of initial value after 5000 charging/discharging cycles, which indicates its superior cycling stability.

Key words: activated carbon fiber, hydrothermal method, cobaltosic oxide, supercapacitor

CLC Number:

TB34

Wei LIU, Kai ZHENG, Dong-Hong WANG, Yi-San LEI, Huai-Lin FAN. Co₃O₄ Nanowire Arrays@Activated Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Its Electrochemical Application[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(5): 487-492.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of v-ACF, p-Co3O4 and Co3O4@ACF composites

Fig. 2 TG curves of Co3O4@ACF composites in air

Fig. 3 SEM images of Co3O4@ACF composites: (a) Co3O4@ACF-2; (b) Co3O4@ACF-1; (c) Co3O4@ACF-2; (d) Co3O4@ACF-5

Fig. 4 (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore size distribution curves of v-ACF, p-Co3O4 and Co3O4@ACF composites

Table 1 Specific surface areas and pore volumes of v-ACF, p-Co3O4 and the Co3O4@ACF composites

Samples	S_total /(m²·g^-1)	S_micropore /(m²·g^-1)	V_total /(m³·g^-1)	V_micropore/(m³·g^-1)
Co₃O₄@ACF-1	153	80	0.21	0.03
Co₃O₄@ACF-2	177	103	0.26	0.04
Co₃O₄@ACF-5	32	-	0.15	-
p-Co₃O₄	20	-	0.07	-
v-ACF	785	693	0.43	0.33

Fig. 5 (a) CV curves of different samples at a scan rate of 20 mV/s; (b) Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of different samples at 1 A/g; (c) CV curves of Co3O4@ACF-2 at different scan rates; (d) GCD curves of Co3O4@ACF-2 at various current densities

Fig. 6 Specific capacitances of samples at different current densities

Fig. 7 (a) Cycling stability of the Co3O4@ACF-2 at a density of 1 A/g for 5000 cycles; (b) Nyquist plots of the Co3O4@ACF-2 before and after 5000 cycles with inserts showing magnified plots and equivalent circuit

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Co₃O₄ Nanowire Arrays@Activated Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Its Electrochemical Application

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