Grain Size Effect on Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Property of BaTiO3 Ceramics with Fine Grains

doi:10.15541/jim20170289

Abstract

Abstract:

A series of highly dense barium titanate (BaTiO₃) ceramics with average grain size ranging from 0.25 μm to 10.15 μm were prepared by either conventional sintering or a two-step sintering method, using ultrafine BaTiO₃powders prepared by hydrothermal approach. The impact of grain size on dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO₃ ceramics was investigated. Results indicate that the tetragonal phase of BaTiO₃ ceramics increases with the increase of grain size. When the averaged grain size is above 1 μm, the relative dielectric constant (ε°) and piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) at room temperature increase firstly with the decrease of grain size, with the maximum values of 5628 and 279 pC/N, respectively, at the grain size of 1.12 μm, and then decrease rapidly with further decrease of the grain size. The remanent polarization P_rof BaTiO₃ceramics rises with the increase of grain size, but the coercive field E_c exhibits opposite tendency. The variation of dielectric and piezoelectric properties resulted from the change of grain size is regarded as the impact of 90° domain size and the number of the grain boundaries, while the change of hysteresis loops is due to the change of the crystal field in the grains and the “pinning” effect of the surface layer on the grains.

Key words: barium titanate, grain size, two-step sintering, dielectricity, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity

CLC Number:

TQ174

HUANG Yong-An, LU Biao, ZOU Yi-Xuan, LI Dan-Dan, YAO Ying-Bang, TAO Tao, LIANG Bo, LU Sheng-Guo. Grain Size Effect on Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Property of BaTiO₃ Ceramics with Fine Grains[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(7): 767-772.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Relative density and average grain size of BaTiO3 ceramics prepared by different sintering methods

T₁/℃	t₁/h	T₂/℃	t₂/h	ρ_o/%	GS/μm
1250	0	800	15	95.1	0.25
1250	0	850	15	95.6	0.34
1250	0	950	15	96.2	0.48
1275	0	950	15	96.9	0.76
1300	0	950	15	97.5	1.12
1250	3.0	0	0	97.3	2.40
1275	2.5	0	0	97.8	4.61
1300	3.0	0	0	98.2	7.24
1325	3.0	0	0	98.3	10.15

Fig. 1 SEM images of BaTiO3 ceramics with different grain sizes(a) 0.25 μm; (b) 0.34 μm; (c) 0.48 μm; (d) 0.76 μm; (e) 1.12 μm; (f) 2.4 μm; (g) 4.61 μm; (h) 7.24 μm; (i) 10.15 μm

Fig. 2 (a) XRD patterns of BaTiO3 ceramics with different grain sizes and (b) the magnification of (002)/(200) diffraction peaks

Fig. 3 c/a ratio as a function of grain size (GS) for BaTiO3 ceramics

Fig. 4 Dielectric constant as a function of temperature for BaTiO3 ceramics with different grain sizes

Fig. 5 TO-T and TT-C as a function of grain size for BaTiO3 ceramics

Fig. 6 Piezoelectric constant d33 as a function of grain size for BaTiO3 ceramics

Fig. 7 P-E hysteresis loops of BaTiO3 ceramics with different grain sizes at room temperature

Fig. 8 Remanent polarization Pr, coercive field Ec as a function of the grain size for BaTiO3 ceramics

References 20

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Grain Size Effect on Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Property of BaTiO₃ Ceramics with Fine Grains

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