极性聚合物粘结剂的结构和物性对锂离子电池的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20190043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粘结剂在锂离子电池中虽用量少, 但是对锂离子电池的性能有较大影响。传统粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯与活性物质间形成的范德华力较弱, 不能满足现代锂离子电池, 特别是高比容量锂离子电池的要求。大部分电极材料表面具有极性基团, 这些基团可与极性聚合物间形成较强的作用力, 故极性聚合物粘结剂成为当前的研究热点。极性聚合物粘结剂对锂离子电池的影响与诸多因素有关。本文主要讨论了聚合物粘结剂的结构和物性对锂离子电池性能的影响, 包括聚合物的结构特征、粘结性、力学性能和导电性等因素, 进而从分子层次提出了设计下一代粘结剂的方法, 并展望了粘结剂的未来发展方向。

关键词: 极性聚合物, 粘结剂, 锂离子电池, 综述

Abstract:

Binders have a great impact on the performance of lithium-ion batteries, although small doses of binder is applied. The traditional binder poly (vinylidene fluoride) cannot meet the requirements of modern lithium-ion batteries, especially those with high specific capacity, because it interacts with electrode materials through weak Van de Waals force. The surfaces of most electrode materials have polar groups which can strongly interact with polar polymeric binders. Therefore, the polar polymeric binders have been paid much attention, recently. Many factors of polar polymeric binders influence the properties of lithium-ion batteries. This review mainly focuses on the impacts of structure properties of polar polymeric binders on lithium-ion batteries, including structural feature, adhesiveness, mechanical properties, conductivity, and other properties Besides, we propose the strategies of designing next-generation binders for lithium-ion batteries from molecular level, and claim the future direction and prospects of the binders.

Key words: polar polymer, binder, lithium-ion battery, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

郭容男, 韩伟强. 极性聚合物粘结剂的结构和物性对锂离子电池的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(10): 1021-1029.

GUO Rong-Nan, HAN Wei-Qiang. Effects of Structure and Properties of Polar Polymeric Binders on Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(10): 1021-1029.

图/表 8

图1 极性聚合物粘结剂对LIBs性能的影响因素

Fig. 1 Influences of polar polymeric binders on properties of LIBs

表1 极性聚合物粘结剂在LIBs中的应用

Table 1 Applications of polar polymeric binders in LIBs

Binder	Application	Adhesion	Specific capacity/(mAh?g^-1)	Ref.
Linear polymer
PAL-NaPAA	Si	5.0 N/cm	1914 (100 cycles, 0.84 A/g)	[17]
Carboxymethyl fenugreek gum	Si	—	1790 (200 cycles, 1 A/g)	[18]
CCS	S	~4 N	~600 (400 cycles, 0.5C)	[19]
PF-COONa	Sn Si	— 6.6 N	518 (500 cycles, 0.2 A/g) 2806 (100 cycles, 0.42 mA/g, 0.19 mg/cm²)	[20-21]
Cross-linked polymer
c-PEO-PEDOT:PSS/PEI	Si	~0.55 N/mm²	2027 (500 cycles, 1.0 A/g)	[22]
c-PAM-0.001	Si	13.98 N	2834 (100 cycles, 0.1C)	[23]
PEI-ER	S	—	1025 (500 cycles, 0.5C)	[24]
Cross-linked corn starch	Si	31.2 gf/cm	2106 (200 cycles, 0.5C)	[25]
SHP-PEG	Si	~3.2 N/cm	~1300 (150 cycles, 0.5C)	[26]

图2 CMC粘结剂对Si颗粒的粘结机理[16]

Fig. 2 Mechanism of the CMC binder with Si nanoparticles[16]

图3 ALg-C和PAA-C的化学结构式[29]

Fig. 3 Molecular structures of ALg-C and PAA-c[29]

图4 嵌锂时CMC与Si之间作用力的演变模型[40]

Fig. 4 Model of the evolution in the CMC-Si bonds during lithiation process[40]

图5 (a)高度交联SA粘结剂制备的Si极片的构建示意图, (b)不同粘结剂制备的Si负极的剥离强度[42]

Fig. 5 (a) Architecture of Si electrode with highly cross-linked alginate binder, and (b) peeling forces of Si anodes with different binders[42]

图6 (a)交联粘结剂PNA-NaPAA-g-CMC的示意图, (b)电解质浸泡后的不同粘结剂的拉伸曲线和(c)不同粘结剂制备的Si电极的循环曲线[47]

Fig. 6 (a) Scheme for the cross-linked binder of PNA-NaPAA-g-CMC, (b) tensile tests of different binders impregnated with electrolyte and (c) cycling performances of Si electrodes with different binders[47]

图7 EVA颗粒在电解液中浸泡的结构示意图[62]

Fig. 7 Schematic for the process of EVA colloid immersed in electrolyte[62]

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