振荡压力振幅对碳化钨微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20250051

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 964-970.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250051

振荡压力振幅对碳化钨微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响

钟卫民¹(), 赵科², 王珂玮³, 刘佃光⁴, 刘金铃¹(), 安立楠³

1.西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院, 成都 611756
2.四川轻化工大学材料科学与工程学院, 自贡 643002
3.东莞理工学院机械工程学院, 东莞 523808
4.西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 成都 611756

收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-04-01 出版日期:2025-09-20 网络出版日期:2025-04-09
通讯作者: 刘金铃, 教授. E-mail: liujinling@swjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:钟卫民(2000-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 2772759347@qq.com
基金资助:
河南省航空材料与应用技术重点实验室开放基金(ZHKF-230114)

Effect of Oscillatory Pressure Amplitude on Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide

ZHONG Weimin¹(), ZHAO Ke², WANG Kewei³, LIU Dianguang⁴, LIU Jinling¹(), AN Linan³

1. School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643002, China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-04-01 Published:2025-09-20 Online:2025-04-09
Contact: LIU Jinling, professor. E-mail: liujinling@swjtu.edu.cn
About author:ZHONG Weimin (2000-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 2772759347@qq.com
Supported by:
Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies(ZHKF-230114)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何在实现超细晶碳化钨(WC)完全致密化的同时而不引起晶粒长大, 一直是其工业应用面临的难题。动态烧结锻造工艺可通过施加振荡压力对不致密材料坯体进行锻造, 促进致密化并抑制晶粒生长。本研究探索了动态烧结锻造中压力振幅对WC微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明, 提高压力振幅能够提高WC的相对密度, 减小其晶粒尺寸并提高小角晶界和特殊晶界Σ2的占比, 同时提高其晶粒内的位错密度。当压力振幅为20 MPa时, WC的相对密度、平均晶粒尺寸和位错密度分别达到99.6%、203 nm和1.68×10¹⁵ m^-2。随着压力振幅的提高, WC的摩擦系数和磨损率均逐渐减小, 磨损机制以黏着磨损和犁削为主。磨损率减小主要是由于WC几近致密的特性、细小的晶粒及较高的位错密度。晶粒细化和高密度位错有助于提高其在摩擦磨损过程中的塑性变形能力和变形抗力, 从而增大磨痕表面硬度, 同时抑制裂纹萌生和扩展。特殊晶界Σ2也能够有效阻碍位错运动而提高应变硬化能力, 有助于提高磨痕表面硬度, 进一步抑制磨损。

关键词: 碳化钨, 振荡压力, 微观结构, 磨损行为

Abstract:

Achieving complete densification of ultrafine-grained tungsten carbide (WC) without inducing grain growth has long been a challenge, which limits industrial applications of WC. The dynamic sinter forging process, which involves forging of incompletely dense materials under oscillatory pressure, facilitates densification while suppressing grain growth. This study explores effects of oscillatory pressure amplitude during dynamic sinter forging on microstructure and tribological properties of WC. The results show that increasing pressure amplitude leads to higher relative density of WC, accompanied by a reduction in grain size, an increase in proportion of low angle grain boundaries and special grain boundaries Σ2, as well as an enhancement of dislocation density. At a pressure amplitude of 20 MPa, the relative density, average grain size and dislocation density of WC reach 99.6%, 203 nm and 1.68×10¹⁵ m^-2, respectively. With an increase in pressure amplitude, both the friction coefficient and the wear rate gradually decrease. Under this condition, the adhesive wear and ploughing were identified as the dominant wear mechanisms. The reduction in wear rate is attributed to complete densification, finer grains and higher dislocation density, which result from the increased pressure amplitude. Grain refinement and high dislocation density enhance plastic deformation capacity and hardening ability during the wear, thereby increasing hardness of worn surface while mitigating crack initiation and propagation. Furthermore, special grain boundaries Σ2 also effectively impede motion of dislocation, thereby improving strain hardening capability and enhancing hardness of worn surface.

Key words: tungsten carbide, oscillatory pressure, microstructure, wear behavior

中图分类号:

TB321

钟卫民, 赵科, 王珂玮, 刘佃光, 刘金铃, 安立楠. 振荡压力振幅对碳化钨微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(9): 964-970.

ZHONG Weimin, ZHAO Ke, WANG Kewei, LIU Dianguang, LIU Jinling, AN Linan. Effect of Oscillatory Pressure Amplitude on Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(9): 964-970.

图/表 12

图1 动态烧结锻造工艺示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic of dynamic sinter forging

图2 WC陶瓷的动态烧结锻造制备工艺参数

Fig. 2 Processing parameters of WC fabricated by dynamic sinter forging

图3 不同压力振幅下制备的WC样品的XRD图谱

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes

图4 不同压力振幅下WC样品的相对密度和断口形貌

Fig. 4 Relative densities and fracture morphologies of WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a) Histogram of relative density against pressure for WC samples; (b-d) Fracture morphologies of WC samples prepared under (b) 80, (c) (70±10), and (d) (60±20) MPa

图5 不同压力振幅下制备的WC样品的晶粒取向分布图(上)和晶粒尺寸统计图(下)

Fig. 5 Diagrams of grain orientations (up) and grain size distributions (down) for WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a) 80 MPa; (b) (70±10) MPa; (c) (60±20) MPa. Colorful figures are available on website

图6 不同压力振幅下WC样品的(a~c)晶粒取向差统计图及(d)小角晶界和Σ2晶界占比

Fig. 6 (a-c) Statistical diagrams of grain misorientation angle and (d) variation in fraction of low angle grain boundary (LAGB) and Σ2 grain boundary for WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes

图7 不同压力振幅下WC样品的(a~c)KAM图、(d)位错密度和(e)KAM角分布统计图

Fig. 7 (a-c) KAM maps, (d) dislocation densities, and (e) statistical diagrams of KAM angle for WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a) 80 MPa; (b) (70±10) MPa; (c) (60±20) MPa. HAGB: high angle grain boundary. Colorful figures are available on website

图8 不同压力振幅下制备的WC样品的摩擦磨损性能

Fig. 8 Tribological properties of WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a) Friction coefficient as a function of time; (b) Average friction coefficient and wear rate vs. pressure; (c) Wear scar depth vs. width

图9 不同压力振幅下制备的WC样品的磨痕形貌

Fig. 9 Wear scar morphologies of WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a-c) 80 MPa; (d-f) (70±10) MPa; (g-i) (60±20) MPa

图10 压力振幅为10 MPa时WC样品磨痕表面黏着物的形貌和成分分析

Fig. 10 Morphology and element characterization of adhesive phase of WC sample prepared under pressure amplitude of 10 MPa (a) SEM image; (b-e) EDS mappings corresponding to (a); (f) EDS spectrum corresponding to point in (a) marked with + symbol

图S1 压力振幅为20 MPa时WC样品截面不同位置的SEM照片

Fig. S1 SEM images of different locations on cross-section of WC sample prepared under pressure amplitude of 20 MPa

图S2 不同压力振幅下WC样品的三维磨痕形貌

Fig. S2 Three-dimensional surface topographies of WC samples prepared under different pressure amplitudes (a) 80 MPa; (b) (70±10) MPa; (c) (60±20) MPa

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振荡压力振幅对碳化钨微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响

Effect of Oscillatory Pressure Amplitude on Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide

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