烧蚀型面结构对CVI+HPIC工艺制备针刺C/C喉衬等离子烧蚀性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20190361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以碳纤维无纬布/碳纤维网胎叠层针刺预制体为增强体, 经化学气相渗透(CVI)联合沥青高压碳化(HPIC)工艺制备了热解碳+沥青碳双元基针刺C/C喉衬材料, 利用X射线断层扫描(μ-CT)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的微观结构, 采用等离子烧蚀试验考察了针刺喉衬材料X-Y纤维铺层面(0°)、Z向针刺面(90°)以及两者间过渡层面(23°、45°和68°)的烧蚀性能。结果表明, 采用CVI+HPIC组合工艺能使针刺材料达到高致密态, 获得了孔隙率仅为4%的C/C材料, 材料内部孔隙呈离散态分布, 其中98%的孔隙为小于20 μm的小孔。烧蚀结果显示, 针刺C/C材料不同区域的烧蚀性能存在差异, 从X-Y层面(0°)到Z向针刺面(90°), 其耐烧蚀性能呈先增强后减弱的趋势, 68°层面耐烧蚀性能最好, 线、质量烧蚀率分别为0.056 mm/s、0.050 g/s。烧蚀面纤维的排布是影响烧蚀性能的关键因素, 68°层面因形成的尖端烧蚀模式占比较高, 表现出最佳的耐烧蚀性能。

关键词: 针刺预制体, C/C复合材料, 烧蚀率, 微观结构

Abstract:

The C/C composite was prepared by chemical vaper infiltration (CVI) followed by pitch impregnation and high pressure carbonization (HPIC) using needled non-woven carbon fiber felt preform. The microstructure of composites was characterized by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ablation resistance at different cross sections was evaluated using plasma ablation test. Typical cross sections of the experiment were X-Y section (0°, perpendicular to needing direction), Z section (90°, parallel to needing direction) and cross sections (23°, 45°, 68°) of composites, respectively. The results presented that the porosity of the C/C composites was as low as 4%, and 98% of the internal pores was smaller than 20 μm. The ablation resistance at different cross sections improved first and then decreased from X-Y section (0°) to Z section (90°). The cross section at 68° showed the best ablation resistance, at which the mass and linear ablation rates were 0.050 g/s and 0.056 mm/s, respectively. The best ablation resistance is attributed to the icicle-like ablation mode of carbon fiber, which indicates that fiber arrangement at the cross section has significant impact on ablation resistance of C/C composites.

Key words: needled carbon fiber preform, C/C composites, ablation rate, microstructure

中图分类号:

TB332

吴小军,杨杰,郑蕊,张兆甫,杨毅. 烧蚀型面结构对CVI+HPIC工艺制备针刺C/C喉衬等离子烧蚀性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(6): 654-660.

WU Xiaojun,YANG Jie,ZHENG Rui,ZHANG Zhaofu,YANG Yi. Effect of Ablation Surface Microstructure on Plasma Arc Ablation Properties of C/C Throat Insert Fabricated via CVI+HPIC Methods[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(6): 654-660.

图/表 8

图1 针刺C/C喉衬材料等离子烧蚀试样取样位置及等离子烧蚀方向(等离子焰流垂直冲刷烧蚀面)示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration for the preparation of ablation specimen of C/C composite

图2 CVI+HPIC联合致密模型及C/C复合材料典型微观结构照片

Fig. 2 Densification mechanism and the typical microstructures of C/C composites produced via CVI combined with HPIC

图3 C/C复合材料的(a)三维结构和(b)材料孔隙分布的μ-CT检测照片

Fig. 3 Micro-CT 3D images of the C/C composites (a) interior structure and (b) pore distribution

图4 针刺C/C复合材料不同层面的烧蚀率

Fig. 4 Ablation rate at different cross sections of the C/C composites

图5 针刺C/C材料烧蚀表面的SEM照片

Fig. 5 SEM images of ablation surface of C/C composites (a) 0° section; (b) 23° section; (c) 45° section; (d) 68° section; (e) 90° section

图6 针刺C/C复合材料0°、90°层面线烧蚀率与烧蚀时间的关系曲线

Fig. 6 Linear ablation rate of 0° and 90° sections as a function of ablation time

图7 不同烧蚀时间下X-Y层面的SEM照片

Fig. 7 SEM images of X-Y section after ablation with different time

图8 不同烧蚀时间下Z向针刺层面SEM照片

Fig. 8 SEM images of Z section after ablation with different time

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