柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2光阳极的制备

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2014.13551

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, FDSSC)是以聚合物或金属等柔性材料为基底的染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, DSSC)。相比于刚性DSSC, 其具有可弯曲、低成本、易大面积加工和应用范围广等优点, 越来越受到人们的关注。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO₂光阳极的制备方法, 根据热处理温度的不同可以分为低温和高温制备方法,其中包括化学法、压力法、电泳沉积法、转移法、金属基底上的制备以及一些新的制备方法等。本文结合DSSC光阳极中电子的传输和复合的基本原理, 针对电极的各制备方法进行了综述, 并对电池的相关性能作了一定的介绍; 最后,对FDSSC未来的发展前景和有潜力的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 染料敏化太阳能电池, 柔性, 低温制备, 高温制备, TiO₂, 综述

Abstract:

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSSC) is a type of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on flexible substrates, such as plastics and metals, etc. The advantages of FDSSC over rigid DSSC involve bendability, lower cost, ease of large-scale production and wider application, which make it attract much attention. The fabrication methods for FDSSC photoanodes are generally categorized to low-temperature fabrications and high-temperature fabrications, including chemical additive method, mechanical compression, electrophoretic deposition, lift-off method, and some new technologies. This paper reviewed the above fabrication methods and the performance of the cells was discussed by taking into account the mechanisms for electron transfer and recombination. Finally, the future development of FDSSC was prospected.

Key words: DSSC, flexibility, low-temperature fabrication, high-temperature fabrication, TiO₂, review

中图分类号:

TM914

陈蔚, 刘阳桥, 罗建强, 靳喜海, 孙静, 高濂. 柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO₂光阳极的制备[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(6): 561-570.

CHEN Wei, LIU Yang-Qiao, LUO Jian-Qiang, JIN Xi-Hai, SUN Jing, GAO Lian. Fabrications of TiO²Photoanodes for Flexible Dye-sensitized Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(6): 561-570.

图/表 9

图 1 DSSC结构示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic of the DSSC structures

图 2 电荷传输与复合的主要过程

Fig. 2 Schematic of the electron transfer and recombination processes Solid lines for transfer and dashed lines for recombination

图 3 P25颗粒与“纳米胶水”颗粒的HR-TEM图像[10]

Fig. 3 HR-TEM images of the microstructure of the interparticle connections between the P25 particles (a) and the smaller nanoglue particles (b)[10] (a) Image of nanoglue TiO2 particles located in between the P25 partcles; (b) Boundaries of the nanoglue and P25 particles with arrows

图 4 压力与电池性能关系图(a)和ITO-PEN涂覆抗反射膜前后的光透射率(b)[ 21]

Fig. 4 Relationship between the pressure applied to the TiO2 ﬁlm and the performance of the fabricated plastic-substrate DSC (a) and transmittance of ITO-PEN ﬁlms with and without an AR ﬁlm (b)[21]

图 5 一步(a)和两步(b)电泳沉积在ITO-PEN层上的P-90 TiO2纳米结构的显微图像[ 25]

Fig. 5 Microscopies of electrophoretically deposited P-90 TiO2 nanostructure on ITO/PEN ﬁlm by one-step process (a) and two-step process (b)[25]

图 6 两种光阳极DSSCs的瞬态光电压测量[30]

Fig. 6 Transient photovoltage measurements of the DSSCs with various TiO2 electrodes prepared with or without 0.1wt% MWCNT[30]

图 7 不同厚度的原子层沉积TiO2薄膜XRD图谱和光阳极结构示意图[31]

Fig. 7 XRD patterns of the as-deposited ALD TiO2 overlayer of three different thicknesses (5, 10 and 15 nm) on 3 μm mesoporous SiO2 ﬁlms[31] The inset schematic depicts the ALD TiO2 deposited on a silica mesoporous template with the dashed lines indicating the electron transport pathways

图 8 DSPVWs的实体图、截面结构图(a)及FESEM照片(b, c)[45]

Fig. 8 Digital photograph of a prototype DSPVW and its schematic cross section (a), top view (b) and cross-sectional (c) FESEM images of TiO2 nanotube arrays grown around a Ti wire fabricated by anodization at 60 V for 12 h[45]

图 9 转移法制备过程示意图(A)和TiO2纳米线薄膜SEM照片和数码照片(B)[53]

Fig. 9 Illustration of the designed fabrication and transfer procedure using free-standing film method (A) and cross-sec-tional FESEM mage of a piece of free-standing flexible TiO2 nanowire film (B) (inset figure), showing layered structure with small and big NWs on the top and bottom, respectively[53]

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柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO₂光阳极的制备

Fabrications of TiO²Photoanodes for Flexible Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

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