图1 铌酸锂晶体光子材料的应用发展时间轴[22]

Fig. 1 Timeline of LN as a photonic material[22]

图2 LN:V晶体衍射效率与时间的关系[66]

Fig. 2 Time dependence of diffraction efficiency of LN:V crystals[66]

图3 VLi、NbLi晶格与通过HSE06自旋极化计算的铌酸锂主体晶格结构对比[69]

Fig. 3 Comparison between the local lattice distortions of VLi, NbLi and the bulk LiNbO3 calculated by spin-polarized HSE06[69] (a) Lattice of ${\text{V}}_{\text{Li}}^{4+}$; (b) Lattice of ${\text{Nb}}_{\text{Li}}^{4+}$; (c) Lattice of ${\text{V}}_{\text{Li}}^{3+}$; (d) Lattice of ${\text{Nb}}_{\text{Li}}^{3+}$; (e) Lattice of ${\text{V}}_{\text{Li}}^{2+}$; (f) Lattice of ${\text{Nb}}_{\text{Li}}^{2+}$; (g) Lattice of bulk lithium niobate. Red balls refer to O, green balls refer to V, grey balls refer to Nb, and white balls refer to Li

图4 CLN和LN:V, Mg晶体在532和488 nm处的光折变性能[70]

Fig. 4 Photorefractive properties of CLN and LN:V, Mg crystals measured at the wavelength of 532 and 488 nm[70] (a) Diffraction efficiency; (b) Response time

图5 CLN、LN:V和LN:Mg, V晶体的OH-吸收光谱图和双光束耦合的光能量传递曲线[70]

Fig. 5 OH− absorption spectra and light energy transfer curves for two-beam coupling of CLN, LN:V and LN:Mg, V crystals[70] (a) OH− absorption spectra; (b) Light energy transfer curves

图6 沿<$01\overline{1}0$>、<$02\overline{2}1$>、<$11\overline{2}0$>方向对Nb和W的RBS角度扫描结果与<$02\overline{2}1$>方向Nb离子和W离子占位计算机模拟[73-74]

Fig. 6 Angular scans for Nb- and W-RBS along the <$01\overline{1}0$>, <$02\overline{2}1$>, <$11\overline{2}0$> axial directions, and computer simulation of the occupancy of Nb and W ions in the direction of <$02\overline{2}1$>[73-74] (a) Angular scans; (b) Occupancy simulation

图7 波长532 nm下CLN:W的衍射效率与时间的关系[76]

Fig. 7 Time dependence of diffraction efficiency of CLN:W crystals measured at the wavelength of 532 nm[76] (a) CLN:W0.5in; (b) CLN:W2.0in; (c) CLN:W0.5out; (d) CLN:W2.0out; (e) CLN:W3.0in

图8 波长488 nm下CLN:W的衍射效率与时间的关系[76]

Fig. 8 Time dependence of diffraction efficiency of CLN:W crystals measured at the wavelength of 488 nm[76] (a) CLN:W0.5in; (b) CLN:W2.0in; (c) CLN:W0.5out; (d) CLN:W2.0out; (e) CLN:W3.0in

图9 LN:Mo晶体从紫外到可见光的光折变特性[77]

Fig. 9 Photorefractive properties of LN:Mo crystals from UV to visible[77] (a) Diffraction efficiency; (b) Response time

图10 LN:Mo各占位形成能[78]

Fig. 10 Formation energies of LN:Mo[78]

图11 LN:Mo中不同缺陷对的能带结构图[78]

Fig. 11 Band structure diagrams of different defect pairs in LN:Mo[78]

图12 (a)原始和(b) MoNb+、(c) MoNb0、(d) MoNb−点缺陷的晶格畸变[78]

Fig. 12 Local lattice distortion of (a) pristine and (b) MoNb+, (c) MoNb0, (d) MoNb− point defects[78]

图13 掺杂不同浓度LN:Mo, Mg和LN:Mo, Zr晶体的紫外至可见波段的光折变性能[80]

Fig. 13 Photorefractive properties of LN:Mo, Mg and LN:Mo, Zr with different concentrations from UV to the visible bands[80] (a) Diffraction efficiency; (b) Response time; (c) Refractive index change; (d) Sensitivity

图14 LN:U0.6晶体的(a)摇摆曲线及(b)其晶片不同位置的FWHM[93]

Fig. 14 (a) Swing curve and (b) FWHM values at different positions on wafers of LN:U0.6[93]

图15 LN:U0.6的XPS谱图及其拟合峰[93]

Fig. 15 XPS spectra of LN:U0.6 and the fitting peaks[93]

图16 掺杂不同浓度LN:U晶体在可见波段的光折变性能[94]

Fig. 16 Photorefractive properties of LN:U with different concentrations in the visible band[94] (a) Diffraction efficiency; (b) Refractive index change; (c) Response time; (d) Sensitivity

图17 CLN、LN:U0.6、LN:U0.6, In2.0、LN:Fe0.3的光折变性能数据[95]

Fig. 17 Photorefractive parameters of CLN, LN:U0.6, LN:U0.6, In2.0, and LN:Fe0.3[95] (a) Diffraction efficiency; (b) Response time; (c) Refractive index change; (d) Sensitivity

图18 不同掺杂浓度LN:U, Mg晶体的光折变性能[96]

Fig. 18 Photorefractive properties of LN:U, Mg with different concentrations[96] (a) Diffraction efficiency and sensitivity; (b) Response time and refractive index modulation

图19 313 nm紫外照射下LN:Tb透射光谱及其诱导吸收随时间的变化[104]

Fig. 19 Transmission spectra of LN:Tb under UV irradiation and temporal evolution of 313 nm induced absorption[104] (a) Transmission spectra; (b) Induced absorbance

图20 不同掺杂浓度LN:Bi晶体的光折变性能[106]

Fig. 20 Photorefractive properties of LN:Bi with different concentrations[106] (a) Diffraction efficiency and refractive index change; (b) Response time and sensitivity

图21 LN:Bi、CLN和不同镁掺杂浓度LN:Bi, Mg晶体的光折变性能[107]

Fig. 21 Photorefractive properties of LN:Bi, CLN, and LN:Bi, Mg with different Mg concentrations[107] (a) Diffraction efficiency and refractive index change; (b) Response time and sensitivity

图22 60 Hz全息显示图像[109]

Fig. 22 Holographic images during display (at 60 Hz)[109] (a) Rhythmic gymnastics; (b) Karate kumite; (c) Diving; (d) Baseball; (e) Olympic rings; (f) Basketball; (g) Athletics; (h) Shooting; (i) Surfing