等离子喷涂TiC-Graphite复合涂层摩擦磨损性能

doi:10.15541/jim20210521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

等离子喷涂TiC涂层具有良好的综合性能, 在极端环境能起到较好的耐磨保护作用, 而石墨是一种优异的自润滑材料。通过喷雾干燥与真空烧结技术制备不同石墨添加量(1.25%、2.5%、5%和10%, 质量分数)的TiC-Graphite球形粉体, 并采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备TiC-Graphite复合涂层。对涂层的相组成、显微结构和力学性能进行了表征, 并对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行了比较研究。结果发现, TiC-Graphite涂层主要由TiC和石墨相组成。随石墨添加量增大, TiC-Graphite涂层截面微裂纹增多, 表面粗糙度增大, 硬度下降。石墨对TiC涂层在高载荷的磨损性能影响更显著。在50 N高载荷条件, 随石墨添加量增大, TiC-Graphite涂层磨损率降低后急剧增大, 而摩擦系数持续减小。当石墨添加量为2.5%时, 涂层获得最低的磨损率为0.67×10^-5 mm³/(N·m), 同时具有较低的摩擦系数(0.35), 与不添加石墨的TiC涂层相比, 分别降低了72.4%和27.8%。

关键词: TiC-Graphite复合涂层, 磨损性能, 大气等离子喷涂, 显微结构, 力学性能

Abstract:

Plasma sprayed TiC coating has now been a frequent choice for wear-resistant applications in extreme environments owing to its good comprehensive performance. Meanwhile, graphite is an excellent self-lubricating material. Here, spherical TiC-Graphite composite powders with different contents of graphite (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% in mass) were fabricated by spray drying and vacuum sintering, and then TiC-Graphite composite coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technology. The phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized, and its tribological performances were evaluated. The results showed that the TiC-Graphite coatings were mainly composed of TiC and graphite phases. With the increase of graphite addition, the micro-cracks in the section and the roughness of the TiC-Graphite coatings increased while the hardness gradually decreased. Compared with low load, graphite had more significant effect on wear performance of the TiC coating under high load. Under the load of 50 N, wear rate of the TiC-Graphite coating first decreased and then increased, but the friction coefficient kept decreasing with the increase of graphite addition. When the graphite addition was 0.25%, the minimum wear rate of 0.67×10^-5 mm³/(N·m) was obtained, whereas the friction coefficient was 0.35, which were reduced by 72.4% and 27.8% compared with the pure TiC coating, respectively.

Key words: TiC-Graphite composite coatings, tribological property, atmospheric plasma spray, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TQ174

洪督, 牛亚然, 李红, 钟鑫, 郑学斌. 等离子喷涂TiC-Graphite复合涂层摩擦磨损性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(6): 643-650.

HONG Du, NIU Yaran, LI Hong, ZHONG Xin, ZHENG Xuebin. Tribological Properties of Plasma Sprayed TiC-Graphite Composite Coatings[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(6): 643-650.

图/表 10

表1 Si和TiC-Graphite涂层大气等离子喷涂工艺参数

Table 1 Atmospheric plasma spray parameters for Si and TiC-Graphite coatings

Parameter	Si	TiC-Graphite
Powder/kW	30-40	35-45
Primary gas Ar/(L·min^-1)	34-40	36-42
Secondary gas H₂/(L·min^-1)	5-10	7-12
Powder feed speed/(r·min^-1)	15-20	13-18
Spray distance/mm	100-130	100-130

图1 TG2.5粉体的低倍形貌(a)、高倍形貌(b)、粒径分布(c)和相关EDS分析(d)

Fig. 1 Low (a) and high (b) magnification morphologies, particle size distribution (c) and EDS analysis (d) of TG2.5 powder

图2 TiC-Graphite粉体(a)和涂层(b)的XRD图谱

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of TiC-Graphite powders (a) and coatings (b)

图3 TiC-Graphite涂层的表面形貌(a~e)和相关EDS分析(f)

Fig. 3 Surface morphologies (a-e) and corresponding EDS analysis (f) of TiC-Graphite coatings

图4 TiC-Graphite涂层的截面形貌(a~e), TG2.5涂层截面氧元素面分布(f)和不同区域EDS分析(g~i)

Fig. 4 Cross-sectional morphologies of TiC-Graphite coatings (a-e), oxygen element mapping (f) of cross section of TG2.5 coating and EDS analyses (g-i) of different areas among (d) and (e)

图5 TiC-Graphite涂层的表面粗糙度(a)和维氏硬度(b)

Fig. 5 Surface roughness (a) and Vickers hardness (b) of TiC-Graphite coatings

图6 20 N(a)和50 N(b)载荷条件TiC-Graphite涂层的摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线

Fig. 6 Change of friction coefficients of the TiC-Graphite coatings with time under 20 N (a) and 50 N (b)

图7 20(a)和50 N(b)载荷条件TiC-Graphite涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率随石墨添加量的变化

Fig. 7 Change of friction coefficients and wear rates of the TiC-Graphite coatings with graphite amount under 20 N (a) and 50 N (b)

图8 TiC-Graphite涂层的磨痕形貌(a~e, g, h), TG2.5涂层磨痕的氧元素面分布(f)和TiC-Graphite涂层磨痕表面相关元素含量(i)

Fig. 8 Morphologies of the wear tracks of TiC-Graphite coatings (a-e, g, h), oxygen element mapping (f) of the wear tracks of TG2.5 coating and elements content of the wear tracks of TiC-Graphite coatings (i)

图9 TiC-Graphite涂层的磨屑形貌(a~e)和磨屑EDS分析(f)

Fig. 9 Morphologies (a-e), and EDS analysis of wear debris (f) of wear debris of TiC-Graphite coatings

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