Ti3AlC2陶瓷及其衍生物Ti3C2Tx增强的Ag基电接触材料

doi:10.15541/jim20210418

无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 567-573.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210418

所属专题：【信息功能】Max层状材料、MXene及其他二维材料

Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷及其衍生物Ti₃C₂T_x增强的Ag基电接触材料

丁健翔¹^,²^,³(), 张凯歌², 柳东明²^,³, 郑伟¹, 张培根¹(), 孙正明¹^,²()

1. 东南大学材料科学与工程学院, 先进金属材料重点实验室, 南京 211189
2. 安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 马鞍山 243002
3. 先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室(安徽工业大学), 马鞍山 243002

收稿日期:2021-07-02 修回日期:2021-09-28 出版日期:2022-05-20 网络出版日期:2021-11-01
通讯作者: 张培根, 副教授. E-mail: zhpeigen@seu.edu.cn;孙正明, 教授. E-mail: zmsun@seu.edu.cn
作者简介:丁建翔(1987-), 男, 博士, 讲师. E-mail: jxding@ahut.edu.cn

Ag-based Electrical Contact Material Reinforced by Ti₃AlC₂ Ceramic and Its Derivative Ti₃C₂T_x

DING Jianxiang¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Kaige², LIU Dongming²^,³, ZHENG Wei¹, ZHANG Peigen¹(), SUN Zhengming¹^,²()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
3. Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China

Received:2021-07-02 Revised:2021-09-28 Published:2022-05-20 Online:2021-11-01
Contact: ZHANG Peigen, associate professor. E-mail: zhpeigen@seu.edu.cn;SUN Zhengming, professor. E-mail: zmsun@seu.edu.cn
About author:DING Jianxiang (1987-), male, PhD, lecturer. E-mail: jxding@ahut.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51731004);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52101064);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072003);Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2008085QE195);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0301403);Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2020Z158);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20201283)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

银基电触头在低压开关领域扮演重要角色。作为一种具有良好导电导热性能的新型二维碳化物材料,MXene家族典型代表材料(Ti₃C₂T_x)在多个领域显示出极大的应用潜力。Ti₃C₂T_x有望作为一种新型环保银基电触头增强相材料。本研究采用粉末冶金法制备了Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料,并对Ti₃C₂T_x和Ti₃AlC₂的物相和微观结构进行表征。同时研究了Ti₃C₂T_x增强Ag基复合材料的综合性能,包括电阻率、显微硬度、机械加工性能、抗拉强度和抗电弧侵蚀性能,并与Ti₃AlC₂增强Ag基复合材料进行了比较。Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x的电阻率(30×10 ^-3 μΩ·m)相对于Ag/Ti₃AlC₂(42×10 ^-3 μΩ·m)降低了29%。Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x硬度适中(64 HV),具有良好的可加工性,作为无毒电触头材料应用前景广阔。Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料导电性能的提高主要归因于Ti₃C₂T_x本身优异的金属性以及由Ti₃C₂T_x微观结构特征带来的可变形性。由于缺乏Al-Ag相互扩散,Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的拉伸强度(32.77 MPa)明显低于Ag/Ti₃AlC₂复合材料(145.52 MPa)。正因为缺失Al层,Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x的抗电弧侵蚀性能也无法与Ag/Ti₃AlC₂相媲美。尽管Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x的抗电弧侵蚀性能有待进一步提高,但优异的导电性使其有望替代当下有毒的Ag/CdO电接触材料。该研究结果为开发新型环保电触头材料提供了新的探索方向。

关键词: 电接触材料, MAX相陶瓷, MXene, 导电性, 力学性能, 抗电弧侵蚀性能

Abstract:

Ag-based electrical contact plays a key role in low-voltage switches, which is intended to substitute the traditional and toxical “universal” contact of Ag/CdO. As a new kind of two-dimensional carbide material with good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, Ti₃C₂T_x, a representative of MXenes has showed exceptional potential in various fields, including being the reinforcement phase in electrical contact materials to substitute for the toxic CdO. In this work, we successfully prepared Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x composite by powder metallurgy. Phase and microstructure of the Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₃AlC₂ were characterized, and their properties, such as electrical resistivity, microhardness, machinability, tensile strength, and anti-arc erosion performance were investigated and compared. The Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x has a resistivity of 30×10 ^-3 μΩ·m, 29% lower than that of Ag/Ti₃AlC₂ (42×10 ^-3 μΩ·m) and excellent machinability with intermediate microhardness (64 HV), showing broad application prospect as non-toxic electrical contact materials. Its improved conductivity is mainly attributed to the metallicity of Ti₃C₂T_x itself, the microstructural features, endowed by the deformability of Ti₃C₂T_x. However, the tensile strength (32.77 MPa) of Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x is inferior to that of Ag/Ti₃AlC₂(145.52 MPa) due to lack of Al-Ag interdiffusion. The anti-arc erosion performance of Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x is also unmatchable with Ag/Ti₃AlC₂ due to absence of Al layer. Although the arc erosion resistance of Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x needs to be further improved uptill now, the significantly improved electrical conductivity makes it a potential substitute of current toxic Ag/CdO material. All results of this work provide an exploration direction for developing new environmentally friendly electrical contact material in the future.

Key words: electrical contact material, MAX phase ceramic, MXene, electrical conductivity, mechanical property, anti-arc erosion performance

中图分类号:

TG148

丁健翔, 张凯歌, 柳东明, 郑伟, 张培根, 孙正明. Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷及其衍生物Ti₃C₂T_x增强的Ag基电接触材料[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(5): 567-573.

DING Jianxiang, ZHANG Kaige, LIU Dongming, ZHENG Wei, ZHANG Peigen, SUN Zhengming. Ag-based Electrical Contact Material Reinforced by Ti₃AlC₂ Ceramic and Its Derivative Ti₃C₂T_x[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(5): 567-573.

图/表 7

Fig. 1 XRD patterns and morphologies of the raw powders (a) Ti3AlC2; (b) Ti3C2Tx

Fig. 2 Microstructures with SEM images (a, c) and element distribution (b, d) of composites (a, b) Ag/Ti3AlC2; (c, d) Ag/Ti3C2Tx

Fig. 3 High-magnification SEM image of Ti3C2Tx in Ag matrix (a) and high-temperature wettability of Ti3C2Tx with Ag (b) The insets in (b) show optical images of contact angle at different temperatures

Fig. 4 Machinability, electrical resistivity (blue bar) and Vickers hardness (red bar) of Ag/Ti3C2Tx and Ag/Ti3AlC2, compared with those of Ag The insert is pieces cut from Ag/Ti3C2Tx; colorful figure is available on website

Fig. 5 Micro-morphology and element distribution of Ag/Ti3C2Tx composite in high-magnification SEM image

Fig. 6 Tensile properties of Ag-based composites reinforced by different reinforced phase materials

Fig. 7 Surface morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of Ag/Ti3C2Tx contact after arc erosion (a, b) Optical image and magnified image; (c, d) Surface morphology; (e-h) Microstructures and chemical composition

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Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷及其衍生物Ti₃C₂T_x增强的Ag基电接触材料

Ag-based Electrical Contact Material Reinforced by Ti₃AlC₂ Ceramic and Its Derivative Ti₃C₂T_x

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