Preparation and Gas Sensing Property of SnO2/ZnO Composite Hetero-nanofibers Using Two-step Method

doi:10.15541/jim20170218

Abstract

Abstract:

A two-step route was used to prepare SnO₂/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers. In the first step, hierarchical SnO₂ nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning; in the second step, ZnO nanospheres were fabricated in zinc acetate solution using water bath at 90℃. The morphology, structure and composition of SnO₂/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, EDX, and XPS. SnO₂ nanofibers in the composite materials keep hollow and hierarchical structure with 300 nm in diameter. The diameters of ZnO nanospheres grown on SnO₂ nanofibers are 250-300 nm. Gas sensing properties of SnO₂/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers were tested using a static gas testing system. Gas sensing properties of pure SnO₂ nanofibers and ZnO nanospheres were also studied to compare their gas sensing properties. The results show that SnO₂/ZnO composite hetero-nanofiber gas sensors exhibit excellent sensing sensitivity, selectivity and long-tern stability for (0.5-100)×10^-6 acetone at 350℃. N-N homotype heterojunctions, existed in the joint between ZnO nanospheres and SnO₂ particles in the SnO₂/ZnO composite materials, change the potential barrier height. The absorption capacity of SnO₂/ZnO composite materials increases greatly due to changes of the transport characteristics of electrons and holes, which results in the improvement of acetone sensing properties of SnO₂/ZnO composite materials.

Key words: electrospinning, composite hetero-nanofibers, N-N homotype heterojunction, gas sensing properties, gas sensing mechanism

CLC Number:

O641
O649

DU Hai-Ying, YAO Peng-Jun, WANG Jing, SUN Yan-Hui, YU Nai-Sen, ZHANG Tao, DONG Liang. Preparation and Gas Sensing Property of SnO₂/ZnO Composite Hetero-nanofibers Using Two-step Method[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(4): 453-461.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Structure schematic (a) and photo (b) of the indirect- heat gas sensor

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of (a) SnO2 nanofibers, (b) ZnO nanoballs and (c) SnO2/ZnO composite nanofibers

Fig. 3 SEM images of ((a) and (b)) SnO2, ((c) and (d)) SnO2/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers

Table 1 Element contents of SnO2/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers

Elements	wt%	at%
O K	16.6	55.4
Zn K	18.9	15.7
Sn L	64.5	28.9

Fig. 4 XPS spectra of SnO2/ZnO homotypehetero-nanofibers

Table 2 Binding energy and intensity of main peaks of SnO2/ZnO composite hetero-nanofibers

XPS peaks	Zn2p_1/2	Zn2p_3/2	Sn3p_1/2	Sn3p_3/2	O1s	Sn3d_3/2	Sn3d_5/2
Binding energy /eV	1044.97	1021.97	756.97	714.97	529.97	493.97	485.97
Intensity of SnO₂/ZnO	785851	786074	610554	699586	776614	1169640	1396770

Fig. 5 Responses of SnO2/ZnO gas sensors as a function of operating temperature

Fig. 6 Transient response curve of gas sensor based on SnO2/ZnO to acetone at concentration of (0.5-100)×10-6 Inset: response and recovery curve of gas sensor to 10×10-6 acetone

Fig. 7 Response of the gas sensors based on the SnO2, ZnO and SnO2/ZnO vs acetone concentration

Fig. 8 Cross-responses of the SnO2/ZnO sensor to 10×10-6 acetone, ammonia, formaldehyde, alcohol, toluene, and benzene

Fig. 9 Long-term stability of the SnO2/ZnO sensor

Fig. 10 Energy-band diagram of the SnO2/ZnO homotype hetero-nanofibers system (a) Before equilibrium; (b) At equilibrium

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Preparation and Gas Sensing Property of SnO₂/ZnO Composite Hetero-nanofibers Using Two-step Method

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