Fig. 1 Phase composition and photothermal property of Nd/CS bioceramic powders after sintered at different temperatures (a) XRD patterns of the Nd/CS bioceramic powders after being sintered at different temperatures; (b) Photothermal performance (808 nm laser, 0.6 W/cm2) of Nd/CS bioceramic powders after being sintered at different temperatures

Fig. 2 Photothermal properties of Nd/CS bioceramic powder (a) Photothermal images of the powder at different moments under 0.5 W/cm2 power density; (b) Photothermal curves of powder under different laser power densities; (c) Powder stability under the photothermal conditions of 808 nm laser and 0.5 W/cm2

Fig. 3 Fluorescence properties of Nd/CS ceramic powder (a) Fluorescence emission spectrum of the powder at room temperature under 0.462 W/cm2 laser power density; (b) Fluorescence emission spectra under different laser power densities; (c) Linear fitting relationship between 1063 nm fluorescence intensity and temperature for Nd/CS powders

Fig. 4 Microscopic morphology, photothermal performance, fluorescence performance, and ion release property of composite electrospun membrane (a) SEM images of the composite electrospun membranes; (b) Photothermal curves of the electrospun membrane at a laser power density of 2 W/cm2; (c) Fluorescence intensity of the composite electrospun membrane under different laser power densities (1057 and 1063 nm); (d) Linear relationship between temperature and fluorescence intensity (1063 nm) for the composite electrospun membrane; (e, f) Amounts of Ca (e) and Si ions (f) released from the composite membrane after 1, 3, 5, and 7 d

Fig. 5 Biological properties of composite electrospun membrane (a) Photographs of HDF cell migration at 0 and 12 h after scratching; (b) Quantitative expression of cell migration at 12 h; (c) SEM images of cell adhesion and in-growth of HDF cells after 24 h of culture