Effect of Polarization on Mechanical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20140360

Abstract

Abstract:

This study concerns two following commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) materials, “soft” PZT-5H and “hard” PZT-8 piezoelectric ceramics. Young’s modulus and internal friction versus temperature at different vibration frequencies were investigated by means of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) before and after polarization. The phase transition temperatures (T_c) of PZT-5H and PZT-8 ceramics were 438 K and 550 K. PZT-8 ceramic had higher Young’s modulus than PZT-5H ceramic at ferroelectric phase, which resulted from the increase of internal local stress in PZT-8 ceramic. After polarization, the Young’s modulus of both PZT ceramics increased, the influence of the piezoelectric effect was investigated. A relaxation peak emerges in internal friction curve of each PZT sample. Considering the hard ceramic, this peak is a pure relaxation mechanism controlled by oxygen vacancies diffusion. Considering the soft ceramic, the relaxation peak can be related to viscous motion of domain walls and the interaction between domain walls and point defects. The activation energy of the relaxation peak increased after polarization, which resulted from the increased local internal stress and directional arranged space charges caused by polarization.

Key words: Young’s modulus, internal friction, DMA, PZT, polarization

CLC Number:

TQ174

YU Yao, WANG Xu-Sheng, LI Yan-Xia, YAO Xi. Effect of Polarization on Mechanical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(2): 219-224.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Temperature dependent Young’s modulus of unpoled and poled PZT-5H at different frequencies

Fig. 2 Temperature dependent Young’s modulus of unpoled and poled PZT-8 at different frequencies

Fig. 3 Temperature dependent internal friction of unpoled (a) and poled (b) PZT-5H at different frequencies

Fig. 4 Temperature dependent internal friction of unpoled (a) and poled (b) PZT-8 at different frequencies

Fig. 5 Arrhenius plots and fitting lines for Pr in PZT-5H (a) and PZT-8 (b)

Table 1 Relaxation internal friction peak temperatures of PZT ceramics at different frequencies

T_p/K f/Hz	PZT-5H (Unpoled)	PZT-5H (Poled)	PZT-8 (Unpoled)	PZT-8 (Poled)
0.1	363	365	422	426
0.5	379	381	445	450
1	386	387	459	460
5	402	400	485	486
10	409	407	497	496

Table 2 Relaxation parameters for the relaxation internal friction peaks of PZT ceramics

	PZT-5H (Unpoled)	PZT-5H (Poled)	PZT-8 (Unpoled)	PZT-8 (Poled)
H/eV	1.28	1.43	1.10	1.19
τ₀/s	2.6×10^-18	3.7×10^-20	1.1×10^-13	1.2×10^-14

Fig. 6 Relationship of the Pr strength (Δ) and temperature in PZT-5H (a) and PZT-8 (b)

References 25

[1]	DU G, LIANG RH, LI T, et al.Recent progress on defect dipoles characteristics in piezoelectric materials.J. Inorg. Mater., 2013, 28(2): 123-130.
[2]	ZHANG S, YU F.Piezoelectric materials for high temperature sensors.J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2011, 94(10): 3153-3170.
[3]	BAR-CHAIM N, BRUNSTEIN M, GRÜNBERG J, et al. Electric field dependence of the dielectric constant of PZT ferroelectric ceramics.J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 45(6): 2398-2405.
[4]	WARREN W L, DIMOS D, PIKE G E, et al.Alignment of defect dipoles in polycrystalline ferroelectrics.Appl. Phys. Lett., 1995, 67(12): 1689-1691.
[5]	SABAT R G, MUKHERJEE B K, REN W, et al. Temperature dependence of the complete material coefficients matrix of soft and hard doped piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics. J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 101(6): 064111-1-3.
[6]	HOFFMANN M J, HAMMER M, EEDRISS A, et al.Correlation between microstructure, strain behavior, and acoustic emission.Acta Mater., 2001, 49(7): 1301-1310.
[7]	FRAYSSIGNES H, GABBAY M, FANTOZZI G, et al.Internal friction in hard and soft PZT-based ceramics.J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 24(10): 2989-2994.
[8]	FILIPPOV S E, VORONTSOV A A, BRILL O E, et al. Microgeometry, piezoelectric sensitivity and anisotropy of properties in porous materials based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Funct. Mater. Lett., 2014, 7(3): 1450029-1-3.
[9]	Yu Y, WANG X S, LI Y X, et al. Fatigue behaviors in PZT ceramics induced by mechanical cyclic load. Ferroelectrics Lett. Sect., 2014, 4-6(41): 123-128.
[10]	YU Y, WANG X S, ZOU H, et al.Polarization effect for dielectric and mechanical behaviors in Pb(Mg1/3,Nb2/3)0.71Ti0.29O3 crystal.Mater. Res. Bull., 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.08.045.
[11]	ZHU J S, CHEN K, LI W, et al.Mechanical and dielectric investigation on point defects and phase transition in ferroelectric ceramics.Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 442(1): 49-54.
[12]	WU C, WANG X S, YAO X.Comparative study on the phase transitions in PZT-based ceramics by mechanical and dielectric analyses.Ceram. Int., 2012, 38: S13-S16.
[13]	GEARING J, MALIK K P, MATEJTSCHUK P.Use of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to determine critical transition temperatures in frozen biomaterials intended for lyophilization.Cryobiology, 2010, 61(1): 27-32.
[14]	HONG X Q, WANG X S, LI X M, et al. Damping properties of epoxy-embedded piezoelectric composites. Key Eng. Mater. (High- Perform. Ceram. Vii), 2012, 512-515: 1342-1346.
[15]	KUNGL H, HOFFMANN M J.Temperature dependence of poling strain and strain under high electric fields in LaSr-doped morphotropic PZT and its relation to changes in structural characteristics. Acta Mater., 2007, 55(17): 5780-5791.
[16]	YU Y, WANG X S, YAO X.Studies on dynamic mechanical and electrical properties of PZT ceramics.Ferroelectrics, 2013, 451(1): 96-102.
[17]	BOURIM E M, TANAKA H, GABBAY M, et al.Domain wall motion effect on the anelastic behavior in lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics.J. Appl. Phys., 2002, 91(10): 6662-6669.
[18]	ZARYCKA A, ZACHARIASZ R, ILCZUK J, et al.Internal friction related to the mobility of domain walls in Sol-Gel derived PZT ceramics.Mater. Sci-Poland, 2005, 23(1): 159-165.
[19]	BOUZID A, GABBAY M, FANTOZZI G.Potassium doping on the anelastic behaviour of lead zirconate titanate near to the morphotropic.Defect Diffu. Forum, 2002, 206: 147-150.
[20]	WANG C, FANG Q F, SHI Y, et al.Internal friction study on oxygen vacancies and domain walls in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics.Mater. Res. Bull., 2001, 36(15): 2657-2665.
[21]	CHENG B L, BUTTON T W, GABBAY M, et al.Oxygen vacancy relaxation and domain wall hysteresis motion in cobalt-doped barium titanate ceramics.J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 88(4): 907-911.
[22]	AGGARWAL S, RAMESH R.Point defect chemistry of metal oxide heterostructures.Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1998, 28(1): 463-499.
[23]	POSTNIKOV V S, PAVLOV V S, TURKOV S K.Internal friction in ferroelectrics due to interaction of domain boundaries and point defects.J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1970, 31(8): 1785-1791.
[24]	PRAMANICK A, PREWITT A D, FORRESTER J S, et al.Domains, domain walls and defects in perovskite ferroelectric oxides: a review of present understanding and recent contributions.Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2012, 37(4): 243-275.
[25]	RAMANA M V, REDDY M P, REDDY N R, et al.Nanocrystalline Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ferroelectric ceramics: mechanical and electrical properties.J. Nanomater., 2010, 2010: 41.