等离子喷涂中雷诺数对熔滴扁平化行为的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20140212

无机材料学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 65-70.DOI: 10.15541/jim20140212 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20140212

等离子喷涂中雷诺数对熔滴扁平化行为的影响

陈丹¹, 王玉¹, 白宇¹, 王运会², 赵蕾¹, 付倩倩¹, 王海军³, 韩志海¹

(1. 西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室, 西安710049; 2. 清华大学工程力学系, 北京100084; 3. 装甲兵工程学院, 北京110000)

收稿日期:2014-04-24 修回日期:2014-06-24 出版日期:2015-01-20 网络出版日期:2014-12-29
作者简介:陈丹(1990–), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: dandan0408@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51202187);中国博士后科学基金(2014T70916)

Effect of Reynolds Number of Molten Particle on Splat Formation in Plasma Spraying

CHEN Dan¹, WANG Yu¹, BAI Yu¹, WANG Yun-Hui², ZHAO Lei¹, Fu Qian-Qian¹, WANG Hai-Jun³, HAN Zhi-Hai¹

(1. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; 2. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Qinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 3. Armoring Soldiers Project Academy, Beijing 110000, China)

Received:2014-04-24 Revised:2014-06-24 Published:2015-01-20 Online:2014-12-29
About author:CHEN Dan. E-mail: dandan0408@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51202187);National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (2014T70916)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用狭缝法收集不同工艺条件(雷诺数)下的氧化钇部分稳定的二氧化锆(YSZ)扁平粒子, 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及三维激光显微镜观察形貌, 同时采用Fluent流体力学软件模拟不同雷诺数下YSZ熔滴的铺展和凝固过程, 研究雷诺数对扁平粒子形貌的影响规律。实验及计算结果表明: 当欧氏数大于0.2时, 雷诺数对YSZ熔滴的扁平化行为具有重要的影响作用, 熔滴飞溅的临界雷诺数为450±20, 即当雷诺数小于450±20时, 熔滴呈圆盘状且不发生飞溅, 反之熔滴发生飞溅。对于粒径相同的YSZ熔滴, 超音速等离子喷涂(SAPS)获得的熔滴扁平率约为普通等离子喷涂(APS)工艺的1.3倍。

关键词: 等离子喷涂, YSZ熔滴, 扁平粒子, 雷诺数

Abstract:

Effect of Reynolds number on the flattening behavior of in-flight particles was investigated by slit method. Molten 6wt%-8wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles with different Reynolds numbers were collected. The morphology of splats was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D laser microscope. Meanwhile, the behavior of spreading, heat transfer and solidification of YSZ droplets with different Reynolds numbers were simulated by CFD software Fluent. The results show that the flattening behavior of molten particles is significantly influenced by Reynolds number when Ohnesorge number exceeds 0.2. The splat tends to splash with the increase of Reynolds number. At a lower Reynolds number, the splats exhibit a regular disc-shape. However, when Reynolds number reaches 450±20, splats begin to splash. In addition, for the original molten particles with the same diameters, the flattening ratio of molten particles in supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying (SAPS) is approximately 1.3 times as much as that in atmospheric plasma spraying (APS).

Key words: plasma spraying, molten YSZ particle, splat, Reynolds number

中图分类号:

TG174

陈丹, 王玉, 白宇, 王运会, 赵蕾, 付倩倩, 王海军, 韩志海. 等离子喷涂中雷诺数对熔滴扁平化行为的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(1): 65-70.

CHEN Dan, WANG Yu, BAI Yu, WANG Yun-Hui, ZHAO Lei, Fu Qian-Qian, WANG Hai-Jun, HAN Zhi-Hai. Effect of Reynolds Number of Molten Particle on Splat Formation in Plasma Spraying[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(1): 65-70.

图/表 12

参考文献 23

[1]	PADTURE N P, GELL M, JORDAN E H.Thermal barrier coatings for gas-turbine engine applications.Science, 2002, 296(5566): 280-284.
[2]	PEREPEZKO J H.The hotter the engine, the better.Science, 2009, 326(5956): 1068-1069.
[3]	HAN Z H, XU B S, WANG H J, et al.A comparison of thermal shock behavior between currently plasma spray and supersonic plasma spray CeO2-Y2O3-ZrO2 graded thermal barrier coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, 201(9/10/11): 5253-5256.
[4]	DU L Z, XU B S, DONG S J, et al.Sliding wear behavior of the supersonic plasma sprayed WC-Co coating in oil containing sand.Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202(15): 3709-3714.
[5]	ZHANG X C, XU B S, TU S T, et al.Effect of spraying power on the microstructure and mechanical properties of supersonic plasma- sprayed Ni-based alloy coatings.Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 254(20): 6318-6326.
[6]	ZHANG X C, XU B S, WU Y X, et al.Porosity, mechanical properties, residual stresses of supersonic plasma-sprayed Ni-based alloy coatings prepared at different powder feed rates.Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 254(13): 3879-3889.
[7]	BAI Y, HAN Z H, LI H Q, et al.Structure-property differences between supersonic and conventional atmospheric plasma sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coatings.Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 205(13/14): 3833-3839.
[8]	BAI Y, HAN Z H, LI H Q, et al.High performance nanostructured ZrO2 based thermal barrier coatings deposited by high efficiency supersonic plasma spraying.Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257(16): 7210-7216.
[9]	YOKOI K.Numberical studies of droplet splashing on a dry surface: triggering a splash with the dynamic contact angle.Soft Matter, 2011, 7(11): 5120-5123.
[10]	PASANDIDEH-FARD M, PERSHIN V SCHANDRA. Splat shapes in a thermal spray coating process: simulations and experiments.J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(2): 206-217.
[11]	BOBZIN K, BAGCIVAN N, PARKOT D.Simulation of PYSZ particle impact and solidification in atmospheric plasma spraying coating process.Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204(8): 1211-1215.
[12]	XIONG H B.Melting and oxidation behavior of in-flight particles in plasma spray process.Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2005, 48(25/26): 5121-5133.
[13]	LI L.Particle characterization and splat formation of plasma sprayed zirconia. J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(1): 97-105.
[14]	BERTAGNOLL M.Modeling of particles impacting on a rigid substrate under plasma spraying conditions.J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1995, 4(1): 41-49.
[15]	KANG C W.Numerical and experimental investigations of splat geometric characteristics during oblique impact of plasma spraying.Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257(24): 10363-10372.
[16]	BRANDON J R.Phase stability of zirconia-based thermal barrier coatings. Part I. Zirconia-yttria alloys.Surf. Coat. Technol., 1991, 46(1): 75-90.
[17]	ANDRE M.Thermal contact resistance between plasma-sprayed particles and flat surfaces.Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(9/10): 1737-1749.
[18]	PASANDIDEH-FARD M.On the Spreading and solidification of molten particles in a plasma spray process: effect of thermal contact resistance.Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., 1996, 16(1): 83s-98s.
[19]	FUKUMOTO M, HUANG Y.Flattening mechanism in thermal sprayed nickel particle impinging on flat substrate surface.J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, 8(3): 427-432.
[20]	ZHAO W T, WU J H, BAI Y, et al.Melting refining mechanisms in supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying.Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., 2012, 32(6): 1227-1242.
[21]	MADEJESKI J.Solidification of droplets on a cold surface. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 1976, 19: 1009-1013.
[22]	YOSHIDA T, OKADA T, HAMATAMI H, et al.Integrated fabrication process for solid oxide fuel cells using novel plasma spraying.Plasma. Sources Sci. Technol., 1992, 1: 195-201.
[23]	LIU H, LAVERNIA E, RANGEL R.Numerical simulation of impingement of molten Ti, Ni, and W droplets on a flat substrate.J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1993, 2(4): 369-378.

Spray methods	Ar /slpm	H₂ /slpm	Power P/kW	Voltage U/V	Current I/A	Spray distance D/mm	Feed rate /(g?min^-1)	Temperature T/℃	Velocity v/(m?s^-1)
SAPS	70.5	22	68.6	138	497	110	35	2919.0±2.0	505.0±3.8
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	90	35	2813.9±2.5	484.5±9.3
SAPS	60.3	15	44.5	125	356	90	35	2685.4±2.7	464.5±3.0
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	80	35	2680.0±14.7	544.5±13.5
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	100	35	3066.4±10.1	544.2±13.0
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	120	35	3196.4±10.1	584.4±28.0
APS	32.9	8.225	44.0	67.6	650	90	38.4	2804.4±5.4	224.0±5.1
APS	42.3	10.575	44.0	71.4	611	90	38.4	2740.2±3.7	231.0±4.2
APS	51.7	12.925	44.0	75.6	585	90	38.4	2683.6±4.5	233.3±3.6
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	80	38.4	2680.0±3.3	238.5±3.1
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	100	38.4	2934.1±4.2	244.0±3.1
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	120	38.4	2804.7±5.1	226.5±2.3

Spray methods	Ar /slpm	H₂ /slpm	Power P/kW	Voltage U/V	Current I/A	Spray distance D/mm	Feed rate /(g?min^-1)	Temperature T/℃	Velocity v/(m?s^-1)
SAPS	70.5	22	68.6	138	497	110	35	2919.0±2.0	505.0±3.8
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	90	35	2813.9±2.5	484.5±9.3
SAPS	60.3	15	44.5	125	356	90	35	2685.4±2.7	464.5±3.0
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	80	35	2680.0±14.7	544.5±13.5
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	100	35	3066.4±10.1	544.2±13.0
SAPS	75.0	21	58.5	124	472	120	35	3196.4±10.1	584.4±28.0
APS	32.9	8.225	44.0	67.6	650	90	38.4	2804.4±5.4	224.0±5.1
APS	42.3	10.575	44.0	71.4	611	90	38.4	2740.2±3.7	231.0±4.2
APS	51.7	12.925	44.0	75.6	585	90	38.4	2683.6±4.5	233.3±3.6
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	80	38.4	2680.0±3.3	238.5±3.1
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	100	38.4	2934.1±4.2	244.0±3.1
APS	47.0	11.750	48.0	74.0	650	120	38.4	2804.7±5.1	226.5±2.3

Property of YSZ	Value	Property of YSZ	Value
Density	5890 kg/m³	Solidus temperature	2923.13 K
Specific heat	713 J/( kg?K)	Liquidus temperuture	3023.13 K
Thermal conductivity	2.32 W/(m?K)	Thermal contact resistance	10^-6 m²?K/W
Viscosity	0.008 kg/( m?s)	Surface tension	0.43 N/m
Molecular weight	123	Property of substrate	Value
Standard state enthalpy	-11.006×10⁸ J/mol	Density	8400 kg/m³
Reference temperature	298.15 K	Specific heat	575 J/( kg?K)
Melting heat	7.07×10⁵ J/kg	Thermal conductivity	18.779 W/( m?K)

Property of YSZ	Value	Property of YSZ	Value
Density	5890 kg/m³	Solidus temperature	2923.13 K
Specific heat	713 J/( kg?K)	Liquidus temperuture	3023.13 K
Thermal conductivity	2.32 W/(m?K)	Thermal contact resistance	10^-6 m²?K/W
Viscosity	0.008 kg/( m?s)	Surface tension	0.43 N/m
Molecular weight	123	Property of substrate	Value
Standard state enthalpy	-11.006×10⁸ J/mol	Density	8400 kg/m³
Reference temperature	298.15 K	Specific heat	575 J/( kg?K)
Melting heat	7.07×10⁵ J/kg	Thermal conductivity	18.779 W/( m?K)

Sample	Spray methods	Temperature /℃	Velocity /(m·s^-1)	Original diameter /μm	Re	We	Oh	Splashing or not
1	SAPS	2680.0	544.5	6.0	414.7	2.44×10⁴	0.376	No
2	SAPS	2680.0	544.5	7.5	518.4	3.05×10⁴	0.337	Yes
3	SAPS	3066.4	544.2	6.8	563.5	2.76×10⁴	0.294	Yes
4	SAPS	3066.4	544.2	5.0	414.1	2.03×10⁴	0.342	No
5	SAPS	3196.4	584.4	5.0	469.0	2.34×10⁴	0.326	No
6	SAPS	3196.4	584.4	6.4	600.3	2.99×10⁴	0.288	Yes
7	APS	2680.0	238.5	14.5	439.0	1.13×10⁴	0.241	Yes
8	APS	2934.1	244.0	16.5	578.4	1.35×10⁴	0.200	Yes
9	APS	2934.1	244.0	15.6	546.8	1.27×10⁴	0.206	No
10	APS	2804.7	226.5	17.9	549.0	1.26×10⁴	0.204	Yes

等离子喷涂中雷诺数对熔滴扁平化行为的影响

Effect of Reynolds Number of Molten Particle on Splat Formation in Plasma Spraying

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 23

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	梁锐辉, 钟鑫, 洪督, 黄利平, 牛亚然, 郑学斌. Yb₂O₃改性硅黏结层的环境障涂层体系耐高温水氧腐蚀行为研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(4): 425-432.
[2]	马文, 申喆, 刘琪, 高元明, 白玉, 李荣星. 悬浮液等离子喷涂制备Y₂O₃涂层及耐等离子刻蚀性[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(8): 929-936.
[3]	李捷, 罗志新, 崔阳, 张广珩, 孙鲁超, 王京阳. 大气等离子喷涂Y₃Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃陶瓷涂层的CMAS腐蚀抗力[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 671-680.
[4]	潘洋洋, 梁波, 洪督, 祁志祥, 牛亚然, 郑学斌. TiAl合金表面TiAlCrY/YSZ涂层高温长时间服役性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(1): 105-112.
[5]	洪督, 牛亚然, 李红, 钟鑫, 郑学斌. 等离子喷涂TiC-Graphite复合涂层摩擦磨损性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(6): 643-650.
[6]	代钊,王铭,王双,李静,陈翔,汪大林,祝迎春. 氧化锆基微量元素共掺杂羟基磷灰石增韧涂层研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(2): 179-186.
[7]	范佳锋,张小锋,周克崧,刘敏,邓畅光,邓春明,牛少鹏,邓子谦. 镀铝改性对PS-PVD 7YSZ热障涂层抗CMAS腐蚀影响机制[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(9): 938-946.
[8]	谢玲玲, 牛亚然, 王亮, 陈文亮, 郑学斌, 黄贞益. 等离子喷涂ZrC基涂层逐道逐层沉积残余应力模拟与实验验证[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(7): 768-774.
[9]	周炎哲, 刘敏, 杨焜, 曾威, 宋进兵, 邓春明, 邓畅光. 大气等离子喷涂MoSi₂-30Al₂O₃电热涂层的组织结构及性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(6): 646-652.
[10]	陈书赢, 马国政, 何鹏飞, 刘喆, 刘明, 邢志国, 王海斗, 王海军. 基于粒子飞行特性及铺展行为的WC-10Co4Cr涂层孔隙形成机理研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2018, 33(8): 895-902.
[11]	张小锋, 周克崧, 刘敏, 邓春明, 牛少鹏, 许世鸣. 等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积Si/莫来石/Yb₂SiO₅环境障涂层[J]. 无机材料学报, 2018, 33(3): 325-330.
[12]	孙旭轩, 陈宏飞, 杨光, 刘斌, 高彦峰. YSZ-Ti₃AlC₂热障涂层及其高温自愈合行为[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(12): 1269-1274.
[13]	于方丽, 白宇, 吴秀英, 王海军, 吴九汇. 等离子喷涂镍基可磨耗封严涂层抗腐蚀及耐磨性能分析[J]. 无机材料学报, 2016, 31(7): 687-693.
[14]	毛金元, 刘敏, 毛杰, 邓春明, 曾德长, 徐林. 等离子喷涂制备ZrB₂-MoSi₂复合涂层及其抗氧化性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(3): 282-286.
[15]	张小锋, 周克崧, 宋进兵, 邓春明, 牛少鹏, 邓子谦. 等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积7YSZ热障涂层沉积机理及其CMAS腐蚀失效机制[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(3): 287-293.