MI-SiCf/SiC复合材料开孔拉伸性能孔径效应研究

doi:10.15541/jim20250347

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为满足航空发动机热端部件对熔渗(MI)工艺SiC_f/SiC复合材料含孔结构的设计需求,本研究制备了无孔试样以及五种孔径(D=1~9 mm)的开孔试样,并开展室温拉伸实验。通过结合数字图像相关(DIC)与声发射(AE)技术,实时监测了全场应变与内部损伤,系统揭示了孔径对损伤起始与演化的影响规律。建立了三维有限元模型,分析了材料非线性行为与孔边应力集中、孔-边缘应力干涉之间的竞争机制。研究结果表明,开孔拉伸强度与孔径呈非线性关系：当孔径D≤3 mm时,强度随孔径增大而缓慢上升,孔径D>3 mm时强度随孔径增大而迅速降低;试样宽度与孔径之比(W/D)存在临界阈值,当W/D<3时,孔与边缘应力集中相互干涉,导致承载能力急剧下降,几何效应主导失效。损伤起始应力随孔径增大而降低,D≤3 mm的小孔试样损伤演化仍具顺序性,D>3 mm的大孔试样则表现为多种损伤模式并发。有限元分析进一步揭示,材料进入非线性阶段后,应力峰值会从孔边偏移,使得孔径为1~2 mm的试样因孔边应力区与材料缺陷重合而早期失效。大孔径试样需更大应力重分布区,当W/D超过临界值3时,有效材料尺寸不足,导致名义强度骤降。综上,MI-SiC_f/SiC复合材料具备最优开孔拉伸性能的孔径为3 mm,建议对W/D<3的开口结构采取补强措施。

关键词: MI-SiC_f/SiC复合材料, 开孔拉伸性能, 孔径效应, 数字图像相关, 声发射

Abstract: To meet the design requirements for perforated structures in aero-engine hot-section components made of MI-SiC_f/SiC composites, this study prepared unnotched specimens and five types of open-hole specimens with different diameters (D=1-9 mm), and conducted room-temperature tensile tests. By integrating digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques, the full-field strain evolution and internal damage signals were monitored in real time, systematically elucidating the influence of hole diameter on damage initiation threshold and evolution behavior. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the competing mechanisms between material nonlinearity, stress concentration at the hole-edge, and stress interaction at the hole-edge. The results indicate that the open-hole tensile strength exhibits a nonlinear relationship with the hole diameter: when D≤3 mm, the strength increases slowly with increasing diameter, whereas it decreases sharply for D>3 mm. A critical threshold exists concerning the width-to-diameter ratio (W/D): specifically, when W/D<3, stress concentration interference between the hole and the specimen edge leads to a pronounced decline in load-bearing capacity, with geometric effects dominating the failure behavior. Moreover, damage initiation stress decreases with increasing hole diameter. Specimens with small-hole (D≤3 mm) maintain a sequential damage evolution process, while specimens with large-hole (D>3 mm) exhibit concurrent multiple damage modes. Finite element analysis reveals that the stress peak shifts away from the hole edge once the material enters the nonlinear stage, resulting in early failure in specimens with diameter of 1~2 mm due to the overlap between the high-stress zone and inherent material defects. Larger holes require a larger stress redistribution zone; when W/D exceeds the critical value of 3, the available material width becomes insufficient, ultimately a sharp decrease in nominal tensile strength. In conclusion, the optimal open-hole tensile performance of MI-SiC_f/SiC composites is achieved at a hole diameter of 3 mm. Reinforcement design are recommended for open-hole structures with W/D<3.

Key words: MI-SiC_f/SiC composite, open-hole tensile, hole diameter effect, digital image correlation, acoustic emission

中图分类号:

V231
TB332

王雅娜, 宋九鹏, 王海润, 李天山, 焦健. MI-SiC_f/SiC复合材料开孔拉伸性能孔径效应研究[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250347.

WANG Yana, SONG Jiupeng, WANG Hairun, LI Tianshan, JIAO Jian. Hole Size Dependence of Open-hole Tensile Mechanical Property of MI-SiC_f/SiC Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250347.

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