多晶硅太阳能电池片的回收再利用研究

doi:10.15541/jim20170547

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从废弃的太阳能电池片中回收多晶硅原材料对于环境保护和材料的循环再利用具有重要意义。本文研究了用化学溶解和超声清洗回收电池片的最佳条件。分别对实验样品进行EDS、SEM、XPS分析, 得出结论: 电池片与质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液反应18 min完全去除铝电极, 且硅晶片的损失率较小; 将完全去除铝电极的电池片在40 kHz超声清洗20 min后银电极完全剥落; 电池片与40%氢氟酸溶液反应10 min可以去除氮化硅膜。本研究对质量为8.9068 g的单片电池片进行了定量分析, 除去的铝电极质量为1.1102 g, 回收得到了0.0766 g的银电极和7.7169 g的硅晶片。

关键词: 多晶硅, 太阳能电池片, 回收

Abstract:

Recovering Si material from the degraded solar cells is significant for environmental protection and material recycling. In this tudy, the optimal conditions for recycling degraded solar cells by chemical etching and ultrasonic cleaning were investigated. The samples were tested by EDS, SEM and XPS, The results showed that Al electrodes were completely removed from cells by reaction with 10wt% NaOH solution for 18 min, with less silicon corrosion lost. After that, Ag electrodes were completely exfoliated from the cells by ultrasonic cleaning (40 kHz) for 20 min. Si₃N₄ film was thoroughly eliminated after the cells were etched with 40wt% HF solution for 10 min, which was proved to be the optimal reaction time. A quantitative experiment was performed in this study with 8. 9068 g cells. The results show that the recycling mass of Al electrodes, Ag electrodes and Si wafers are 1.1102 g, 0.0766 g and 7.7169 g, respectively.

Key words: polycrystalline silicon, solar cells, recycle

中图分类号:

TQ174

李佳艳, 蔡敏, 武晓玮, 谭毅. 多晶硅太阳能电池片的回收再利用研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2018, 33(9): 987-992.

LI Jia-Yan, CAI Min, WU Xiao-Wei, TAN Yi. Recycling Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(9): 987-992.

图/表 11

图1 原电池片铝背电极的SEM照片

Fig. 1 SEM image of rear face of the multicrystalline cell before etched

图2 电池片分别与5wt%、10wt%和15wt%氢氧化钠溶液反应不同时间后的表面铝原子含量分析

Fig. 2 EDS analysis of rear faces of multicrystalline cells after etching in 5%, 10% and 15% NaOH solution with different reaction time

图3 电池片与5wt%氢氧化钠溶液分别反应9 (a)、12 (b)、15 (c)、18 (d)、21 (e)和24 min (f)之后背面铝电极的SEM照片

Fig. 3 SEM images of rear faces of multicrystalline cells after etching in 5wt% NaOH solution with 9 min (a), 12 min (b), 15 min(c), 8 min (d), 21 min (e) and 24 min (f)

图4 电池片与10%氢氧化钠溶液分别反应9(a)、12(b)、15(c)、18(d)、21(e)和24 min(f)之后背面铝电极的SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM images of rear faces of multicrystalline cells after etching in 10% NaOH solution with 9 min (a), 12 min (b), 15 min (c), 18 min(d), 21 min (e) and 24 min (f)

图5 电池片与15%氢氧化钠溶液分别反应9(a)、12(b)、15(c)、18(d)、21(e)和24 min(f)之后背面铝电极的SEM照片

Fig. 5 SEM images of rear faces of multicrystalline cells after etching in 15% NaOH solution with 9 min (a), 12 min (b), 15 min (c), 18 min (d), 21 min (e) and 24 min (f)

图6 不同条件除银电极前后正面银原子EDS含量分析

Fig. 6 EDS analysis of front faces of multicrystalline cells before and after removing the Ag electrodes with different treatments

图7 电池片除铝之后超声清洗部分剥落的银电极(a)和剥落的银电极正(b)反面(c)SEM照片

Fig. 7 SEM images of front face with visible finger (a), front (b) and rear (c) faces of silver finger after ultrasonic cleaning

图8 去除氮化硅膜前(a)后(b)电池片正面的XPS谱图拟合效果

Fig. 8 XPS analysis of front faces of multicrystalline cells before (a) and after (b) etching

表1 单片电池片各成分的质量

Table 1 The mass of each component of a multicrystalline cell

Component	Solar cell	Si wafer	Al electrode	Ag electrode
Mass/g	8.9068	7.7169	1.1102	0.0766

图9 太阳能电池片的正(a)反(b)面宏观形貌图

Fig. 9 Views of a multicrystalline solar cell recovered from damaged cells: front (a) and rear (b) side

图10 回收的硅晶片(a)、银电极(b)宏观形貌图

Fig. 10 Views of silicon wafers (a) and silver fingers (b) recovered from a multicrystalline solar cell

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