The reasons why calcium fluoride crystals can be used in lithography system were explaned. The research and development status of calcium fluoride crystals was summarized. Meanwhile the important problems need to be resolved in the process and measures that should be taken into consideration were pointed out. In the end the development foreground was expected.

Reaction sintered silicon carbides are getting more and more attention because of their proper mechanical strength, oxidation resistance and low cost. In this paper, the type, the focus of current research about reaction sintered silicon carbide and the reaction mechanism of carbon with molten silicon were reported.

Nano-sized Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)₂ with high electrochemical performance was synthesized
through a chemical co-precipitation method in organic solvent and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.
Sample’s structure stability in concentrated alkaline solution was investigated and the relationship between structure and electrochemical performance was studied. The experimental results show that the mean
crystal sizes of samples containing 7.5%,13.2%and 17.2%(molar ratio)Al are 5.4, 6.9 and 11.0 nm respectively. The structure of the sample with 7.5% Al is of
the mixture of α-Ni(OH)₂ and β-Ni(OH)₂, whereas the structurers of the samples respectively with 13.2% and 17.2% Al are of pure α-Ni(OH)₂.
Structure stability increases with Al content increasing due to gradually increased crystallinity and so do its discharge mediate potential and
specific electrochemical capacity.

Nanometer mullite was prepared through Sol-Gel-SCFD and middle temperature calcination by using aluminium-isopropoxde
and tetraethyl orthosilicate as starting materials, the alumina-silica binary aerogel and calcined nanosized materials were investigated by
using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) and specific surface
area and porosimetry. TG-DSC indicated the removal of most of the volatiles, i.e. 15.98% up to about 700℃, and in the DSC curve, the existence of two
exothermic peaks at about 445 and 1015℃ may be due to the crystallization of Si-O-Al-O in diphasic gels and mullitization, and a small
endothermic peak at about 805℃ indicated the decomposition of structural water molecules. The beginning temperature of mullitization of the
Al₂O₃-SiO₂ at about 1015℃ in gel was confirmed by TG-DSC, XRD and TEM, XRD results which also showed the formation of mullite at the
range 1100-120℃. TEM and surface area and porosimetry results showed that the nanosized mullite calcinated at 1100 and 1200℃
exhibited the sizes of 30nm and 50nm, specific surface area 138.91m²/g and 95.81m²/g respectively.

CdS nanorods were synthesized by a soft chemistry method using cadmium nitrate and thioacetamide as starting compounds and DMF as solvent at low temperature(～50℃). The CdS nanorods have diameters of 7～20nm and lengths up to 500nm. Measurements including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction(XRD) and energy-dispersive spec- troscopy(EDS) were carried out to study the microstructure of the samples. The nanoporous sol templates formed by the controlled hydrolysis and condensation of Ti(OC₄H₉)₄ in the presence of AcAc provide an effective matrix for the growth of CdS nanorods.

The fabrication and structure controlling of inorganic fullerene-like nanocompounds have attracted wide
interests in recent years. A new approach of exfoliating-restacking-structure controlling was applied to overcome some technological problems in present
preparation approaches. MoS₂ and WS_₂ powders were used as precursor materials and exfoliated into single layers by butyllithium. The sample
was treated by MnCl₂ solution at 80℃ to introduce Mn²⁺ cations into the reactive system. In this way, the single layer was restacked
and the structure of product could be controlled. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM and HRTEM respectively. XRD results indicate that
multimetal disulfide compounds can be fabricated by this new approach. TEM results show that the morphology of the multimetal disulfide compounds
exhibits hollow-like nanotubes. HRTEM results show that the structure of the hollow-like nanotubes is of double layers. And the substructure of the
inner layer exhibits multi-wall shape. Based on the above results, a possible formation mechanism of hollow multi-wall nanotubes was discussed.

A novel fabrication method of Cu₇S₄ nano-crystals by supported liquid membrane (SLM) system was investigated. SLM consists of CHCl₃ as solvent, o-phenanthroline as a mobile carrier and polymer membrane as supported template. The results indicated that Cu₇S₄ which has hexagonal structure with cell constant of a=15.475Aand c=13.356Acan be prepared at room temperature with 0.2mol/L CuCl₂ and 0.2mol/L Na₂S as reactants. The average size of Cu₇S₄ is about 7nm. In addition, the forming mechanism and optical properties of Cu₇S₄ were discussed.

Kaolinite/TiO₂ nanocomposite particles were prepared by sol-gel technique. The analysis of XRD,FT-IR and SEM shows that the surface of kaolinite is coated by nano-TiO₂ crystal. Furthermore the electrorheological effect is associated with the TiO₂ mass percent in the nanocomposite particle. When the content of TiO₂ in the composite is 34%, E=3kV/mm, and volume fraction is 25%, the yield stress of kaolinite/TiO₂ nanocomposite ERF is 3.4 kPa, which is 5 times of that of kaolinite.

The cathode materials LiCo_0.3Ni_0.7O₂ were prepared from Co_0.3Ni_0.7(OH)₂
and LiOH·H₂O dispersed in the organic solution by the rheological phase and spray drying method in air at different sintering temperature for
16h. The TG-DTA analysis, XRD analysis, SEM and electrochemical tests were used to study the physical and the electrochemical performances
of the materials. The results indicate that molecular level completely mixing of the raw materials of samples made by our method makes the
sintering temperature drop to a lower temperature and the resulted sample has an excellent layered structure and the cation mixing and
nonstoichiometric products are effectively restrained when sintered at 700℃. The material(sintered at 700℃) cycled between 2.80～4.25V shows a high initial capacity of 172mAh/g with an efficiency of 90.8% and its irreversible capacity only 16mAh/g.
91% of the initial discharge capacity remains after 40 cycles.

The grains of LiMn₂O₄ and LiM_xMn_2-xO₄ (M=Li, Ni) were coated with LiCoO₂ by using sol-gel
process. XRD and EPMA studies confirme the presence of a Co-rich spinel LiMn_2-xCo_xO₄ layer on the surface of Li_xMn_2-xO₄ grains
and the content of Co decreases gradually from the surface to the core of spinel grains. Furthermore, the amount of Mn³⁺ in the surface layer is less than in the core, so
the possibility of Mn dissolution decreases. The surface treatment is effective in reducing the rate of Mn dissolution into electrolyte and
improving cyclability of spinel LiM_xMn_2-xO₄ cathode materials. After bulk Ni-doped spinel LiNi_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ coated with
LiCoO₂, the cyclability of the material is better than that of pure spinel LiMn₂O₄and just only cations doped.

Nanocrystalline solid material of NASICON (sodium super ionic conductor) was synthesized by the sol-gel and
high-temperature sintering process, in which normal inorganic reagents and silicon organic reagent were used as the raw materials. The temperature range
of 750～890℃ for the formation of NASICON phase was recognized through the analysis of TG-DTA result conducted for NASICON xerogel. Thus,
the sintering process was carried out in the temperature range of 800～1000℃. As shown from the results of some analytical
methods such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, impedance spectrum and the measurement of Archemede density, the solid-electrolyte NASICON with grain size of
nanometer, good crystallinity and high relative density was synthesized successfully by adopting appropriate sintering temperature and period. A
linear Arrhenius plot for the resulted NASICON material was achieved and a reasonable active energy was got based on the complex impedance measurement
conducted at different temperatures. The solid material possessed an ideal ionic conductivity. Moreover, highly crystallized NASICON
showed higher ionic conductivity.

he electrodeposition process of p-type Bi₂Te₃ thermoelectric materials in the solution containing
Bi⁺³ and HTeO₂⁺¹ was investigated. During the electrodeposition prosess, Bi⁺³ can promote the reduction of HTeO₂⁺¹. The addition
of glycerin in the electrodepositing solution can decrease the solving rate of alumina templates in the solution, but glycerin also decreases the
electrodeposition rate remarkably. The p-type Bi₂Te₃ thermoelectric materials with nanowire array structure were electrochemically assembled
into the nano-pores of the alumina template. The performance measurements show that the Seebeck coefficient α of the nanowire array is much
higher than that of the bulk thermoelectric materials with the same composition.

Y₂O₂S:Eu phosphors doped with Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ti⁴⁺ were studied by PL spectra, XRD, decay curve, relative brightness and TL spectra. The results show that those dopants
do not change crystal structure of the host, but influence afterglow properties and relative brightness, and the decay curve comprised of a fast and a slow part is well exponential. Codopants of Mg and Ti
suggest the longer afterglow duration than single ion doping, being dependent on their contents. The long afterglow mechanism of Y₂O₂S:Eu host materials was discussed on the basis of experimental results.

The assumption of molecules group of glass network was made, and the relation of immiscibility boundary was derived and established. The immiscibility boundary curve of some glass system was
calculated and estimated by using the new theory relation, and the results are closely agreed with the experimental immiscibility boundaries. This relation first solved the non-symmetry curve of immiscibility
for the binary oxides glass system theoretically. It can be considered that this new theory and the equation can be applied in the more glass phase separation systems, and mutual interaction between
different molecules can be calculated further.

The crystal of Nd³⁺:KGd(WO₄)₂ with the size of φ20mm×35mm was grown by using the modified CZ.
method. The absorption and emission spectra in the directions of a, b and c axes were measured, the result shows that the intensity of absorption
and emission spectra in the direction of a axis is the strongest. Therefore, the direction of a axis is the most suitable for laser experiment. A laser
output of 125.5 mJ at 1.067μm was obtained when a laser crystal with the size of φ3.5mm×26mm was pumped by a Xe lamp. Compared with the
YAG:Nd³⁺ laser crystal, which was performed the same laser experiment at the same conditions, Nd³+:KGd(WO₄)₂ has the advantages of lower
laser threshold and higher efficiency as well as the polarized laser output. Therefore, it is expected that Nd³⁺:KGd(WO₄)₂ crystal will be very
useful in the miniature laser.

This work describes the grain growth habit of the (1-x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃
(PMN-PT or PMNT) system ferroelectric solid solutions prepared by a directional solidification technique. The results show that the preferential
direction of the grain growth depends not only on the composition of the melts, but also on the crucible pulling-down speed. For a fixed PMN/PT
ratio, e.g. 62/38, higher speed of crucible pulling-down leads to a preferential grain growth orientation of [110], rather than the [111],
which is usually reported in single crystal growth studies, whereas lower crucible pulling-down speed tends to produce [111] grain-orientation
ceramics. When the crucible is pulled down at a certain rate, the preferential grain-growth orientation changes from [111] to [110] with reducing PbTiO₃
molar contents.

Ni-coated Al₂O₃ powders with different Ni content were prepared by the coating technique. The powders were sintered by hot-pressing, and Al₂O₃/Ni cermet obtained. Results show that
the densification is enhanced with the increase of temperature, and when temperature is more than 1400℃, the densification is decreased with the increase of Ni content. Ni particles introduced
in Al₂O₃ ceramic matrix can reduce grain sizes, enhance strength and toughness. Compared with single phase Al₂O₃ material,
Al₂O₃/4vol% Ni cermet has flexural strength of 19% and fracture toughness of 35% enhanced. SEM photos of fracture surface show that the fracture model of the cermet changes from intergranular fracture
to transgranular fracture with the increase of Ni content.

A highly orientation SiC whisker reinforced Si₃N₄ composite was fabricated by fiber extrusion and hot-pressing technique, which SiC whiskers were unidirectional oriented in the extruded carrier
fiber. Microstructure of the composites was observed by SEM. Whisker directions were image-processed to quantify SiC whisker orientation in the extruded fibers and the composites. Effects of sintering temperature
and SiC whisker content on the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were investigated. The experimental results show that the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the orientation SiC whisker
toughened Si₃N₄ composites are higher than that of the random SiC whisker toughened Si₃N₄ composites after thermal shock experiment, in temperature difference of 1000℃ and 500℃.

The ordered oxynitrides mesoporous materials were successfully prepared by the ni- tridation of Al-MCM-41 and SBA-15 mesoporous materials (containing template) in flowing NH₃ environment. The composition and structure of the synthesized materials were analyzed by CNH analysis, IR spectrum, Si MAS NMR, N_2 sorption, low-angle XRD, and HRTEM. The results of analysis show that the obtained oxnitrides mesoporous materials by nitriding at higher tempera- ture (1273～1323K) and long soaking time (8～24h) still possess good order, high nitrogen content (10～21wt%), high surface area (700～900m²g^-1), and narrow pore distribution.

A modified chemical coprecipitation route to synthesize homogeneous lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate (PLZST) precursors was described. The formation process of PLZST from the
precursors was monitored by thermal analysis, and the phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Compared with the solid-state reaction of constituent oxides, the PLZST powders prepared by coprecipitation
have high purity, homogeneous and low synthesis temperature. The formation temperature of single perovskite PLZST is as low as 700℃ in this method of preparation. Pb content analyzed by
chemical methods indicates that the loss of Pb in PLZST synthesized at low temperature is minimal.

The sensing phenomena and mechanism of doped BaTiO₃ based PTCR ceramics for chemical sensors are close related to the variation of chemical defect structure in the grain boundaries with
environmental atmospheres. The surfaces and grain boundaries are act as a uniform source and sink for vacancies, and the lattice defects play a positive role for the sensing effect in the ceramics.
The grain boundary chemistry, specially, formation and distribution of defects, defect changes in adsorption and desorption process with surrounding CO gas, redistribution of electrons on quenching
to room temperature for high dopant concentrations as well as potential barrier in grain boundary were discussed.

(1-x)(Na_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃-xBaTiO₃ (x=0.06) with 1-5 at% lanthanum was prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. The
effect of La³⁺ doping on dielectric behavior and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics was studied. The relaxor behavior of the La³⁺
doped ceramics is more evident. At room temperature, the dielectric constant is increased. When the La content is less than 1.5 at%, the piezoelectric
properties are enhanced. But in the meantime the dielectric loss of the ceramics is also increased. When the content of La³⁺ is up to 3 at%,
the ceramics’ piezoelectric properties are remarkably debased.

The influences of Nb-doping on the temperature stability of PMS-PZ-PT ternary system ceramics were investigated. The stable temperature dependence of resonance frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient K₃₁ and piezoelectric constant d₃₁ were measured. Results show that the donor dopants can not only optimize piezoelectric properties of the system, but also improve the temperature stability. So the modified PMS-PZ-PT ceramics can achieve the requirements for high-power piezoelectric devices such as ultrasonic motors.

The electrochemical measurement of carbon aerogel electrods show that carbon aerogels exhibit excellent properties of high efficiency, good electrochemical behavior as electrode materials. Both surface area and pore volume of carbon aerogels determine their specific capacitance. High pore volume and wide pore distribution contribute to increasing the capacitance. Activated carbon mixed with different ratio of carbon aerogels increases the capacitance of the electrode, while the capacitance is the highest when the content of carbon aerogels in the composites is 15 percent。

The influences of catalyst precursor, promoter and benzene to hydrogen mole ratio on the morphology of carbon filaments and selective preparation of carbon filaments by the floating catalyst method
were reported. By controlling the contents of ferrocene (catalyst precursor), thiophene (promoter) and benzene to hydrogen mole ratio, straight carbon nanotubes (S-CNTs), curving carbon nanotubes
(C-CNTs), beaded carbon nanofibers (B-CNF) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) were synthesized. Effects of different parameters, especially, critical role of catalyst, promoter and benzene to hydrogen mole
ratio were discussed. From TEM, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM and TG-DSC analysis, it can be concluded that controllable growth of carbon filaments with different morphologies can be realized in the floating catalyst
system by simply controlling such parameters as catalyst, promoter and benzene to hydrogen mole ratio.

The activation of self-propagating combustion reactions in the W-C system was achieved by using an electric field. Self-propagating combustion in elemental
reactants with the composition corresponding to WC can be activated only when the imposed field is above the threshold value of 1V·cm^-1. The
nature of the combustion products depends on the field strength. The strength of diffraction peak of WC in XRD pattern increases with the increase of field
strength. The product is WC and W₂C. The effects of tungsten particle sizes and the relative densities of the reactant compacts on the synthesis of tungsten carbide were also
investigated. The results show that the combustion temperature and combustion wave propagation velocity increase with the decrease of the size of tungsten
particles. At the optimum relative density, the combustion temperature and wave velocity attain the maximum value.

ZnO thin films were grown on glass substrates by a relatively new and simple chemical deposition method,
successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), with the precursor of zinc-ammonia complex ([Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺. XRD and SEM were applied
to analyze the crystalline structure and the morphology. The effects of annealing process in air on the crystalline structure and the morphology
of ZnO films were discussed. Further, the growing mechanism of ZnO films by SILAR technique was probed. Results show that, the obtained ZnO films
after 200 deposition cycles are the zincite structure with the orientation of <002>. The as-deposited films are dense, smooth and uniform, with
the film thickness of 800nm. The annealing process in air results in the decrease in oxygen vacancy of ZnO films and the increase in the degree of
orientation along c-axis. The amount of interstitial zinc also increases with the augment of the annealing temperature. The re-crystallization
resulted from the air annealing at 500℃ affects the micro structure and morphology of ZnO films significantly. The decrease in the ratio of
NH₃·H₂O to Zn²⁺ in precursor will improve the growth rate of ZnO films.

Under the condition of keeping impulse amplitude of alternating voltage constant, microarc oxidation of
aluminium alloy in aqueous solution containing sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide was carried by means of alternating current power supply. It is
found that the current passing through the sample is divided obviously into five different stages with the oxidation time. The ceramic coatings prepared in
the different stages were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result shows that the ceramic
coatings mainly contain γ-Al₂O₃, α-Al₂O₃ phases; the γ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ contents are close relative to oxidation time. The difference of γ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃
contents between external layer and internal layer of the coating is mainly caused by the change of cooling rate of molten alumina in microarc zone.

Conventional and nanostructured Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coatings were deposited by plasma spraying with conventional and nanostructured powders, respectively. The phase compositions and microstructure of the as-spraying coatings were characterized by XRD,
SEM and TEM. The electrical resistivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of coatings were measured. In both conventional and nanostructured
Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coatings, alumina mainly existed in the form of γ-Al₂O₃ with some α-Al₂O₃. Non-stoichiometric Ti₂O₃ was found in the conventional coating; while in the
nanostructured coating, titania reacted with alumina to form solid solution. The conventional Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coating exhibited a typical splat
microstructure. For the nanostructured Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coating, many equiaxed α-Al₂O₃ grains besides splat lamellae were also observed.
The size of equiaxed α-Al₂O₃ grains was about 150～800nm. Compared to the conventional Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coating, electrical
resistivity of the nanostructured Al₂O₃-3wt%TiO₂ coating increased. But the nanostructured coating exhibited lower dielectric constant and
dielectric loss.

Carbon nanotubes prepared by a catalytic pyrolysis method were oxidized and homogeneously deposited with Pt and
Pt/Ru nanoparticles on their surfaces. The experimental results show that the catalysts of Pt deposited on carbon nanotubes of the proton exchange
membrane fuel cell are easily poisoned by CO and lose their activity, which make the fuel cell voltage decrease sharply with decreasing of
current density. But their ability to resist CO poisoning improves when Pt/Ru deposited on carbon nanotubes as catalysts, this
suggests that Ru can oxidize CO adsorbed on the surfaces of Pt into CO₂, so the catalyst ability to resist CO poisoning increases.

The washcoats deposited on a ceramic honeycomb were prepared with pseudoboehmite as γ-Al₂O₃ precursor, CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃, pore enlarger and other additives.
The relations of apparent viscosity and solid content in the coating gel to the loading of coating, and the effect of the particle size distribution in the coating gel on the properties of washcoats were studied.
The microstructures and surface performances of the washcoats deposited on a ceramic honeycomb were characterized by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), BET surface area, vibration by ultrasonic
and hot impact simulation. The results show that the solid content of 30%～40% in the coating gel should be used propositionally, the loading of coating in the first impregnation > that in the second
impregnation > that in the third impregnation, the feasible loading of coating is 8%～15%. The viscosity in the coating gel affects the performance of washcoats on a ceramic honeycomb. When
an apparent viscosity of the gel is lower, an arrow particle size distribution and smaller particles in the coating gel can be obtained, and the prepared coating has excellent properties of the
vibration-resistant by ultrasonic, heat-resistant and so on; when an apparent viscosity is higher, there are a wide particle size distribution and mainly micron-meter particles in the coating gel, which
is available to form the higher loading of the coating on a ceramic support, but its performance is poorer. After supporting the washcoats, the BET surface area of the ceramic honeycomb can reach 50m²/g.

ZnO thin films were grown on Si (100) substrate by the modified ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the
crystalline and microscopic structure of the films. The effect of the substrate temperature on the growth mechanism and the microstructure of ZnO films were studied. Results show that the as-deposited
ZnO films are dense, smooth and homogeneous with uniform spherical crystallites, consistent with the hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structure. The preferential orientation of (002) is for all deposited
films. The minimum crystallite size of ZnO films under the optimal growth condition is 40 to 50 nm. The temperature of the substrate has significant effects on the deposition process. With the increase
of the temperature of the substrate, there lies a maximum deposition rate of ZnO films, which can be interpreted by different growing mechanism, and the preferential orientation along $c$ axis
is augmented in a marked degree and the crystalline grain size is refined as well.

A series of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were successfully prepared by electroless plat- ing process. Up to 22vol% SiC particles can be uniformly distributed in Ni-P matrix. It was found that hardness linearly increases with the SiC particles co-deposition in the as-deposited coatings. Heat-treatment can improve the coating properties, i.e. in the conditions 400℃ with 1h treated, Ni-P-SiC coating shows the highest hardness of HV₅₀1435. Wear tests show that electroless Ni-P- SiC exhibits good wear resistant property. The wear rate is only 30% of that of Ni-P coating and 10% of mild steel substrate, respectively.

WS₃ precursors were fabricated by a simple precipitation method. The nano-WS₂ particles with nesting spherical layered closed-cage structure were obtaincd by WS₃ precursors heated at high temperature in hydrogen atmosphere. The samples were identified and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and the mechanism of formation was researched.

Preparing process and sintering behavior of nano LaAlO₃ powders were investigated. The coprecipitation method was applied to synthesize nano LaAlO₃ powders. By using La(NO₃)₃ and Al(NO₃)₃ as raw materials and keeping pH≈9, the coprecipitation process can be finished at room temperature. Pure LaAlO₃ nano powders with a size of about 50nm can be obtained after calcining at 800℃ for 2h. After dry pressing with a pressure of 300MPa, the nano LaAlO₃ powders can be sintered at 1500℃ for 4h, and a high density of about 6.2g/cm³ reached.

Ultrafine powder of Ce-Zr-Ba mixed oxide was prepared with a macromolecule surface modified method. The
typical structure, particle size, surface area and pore structure of the powder were investigated by TEM, XRD, BET and TG-DTA technologies. The results
show that the Ce-Zr-Ba mixed oxide powder is nano-sized with the particle size of 50nm, and a high surface area of 119.0m²/g at the calcination of
600℃ for 4h. The surface area of the powder remains 87.4m²/g even calcination at 800℃ for 4h. After calcination at 1000℃ for 4h, it will keep good particle distribution and in nano-sized properties.
This powder can be used as the material in three way catalyst (TWC) for its novel character of resistance high temperature and high surface area.

On the basis of the difference of the emission bands between the fast and slow components in BaF₂
crystal, the metal/dielectric multilayers filter with several periods of Al₂O₃/MgF₂/Al/MgF₂… was designed and developed in order
to suppress the slow component of the scintillation light in BaF₂. The results from transmission, emission and decay time spectrum show that
the film can increase about 80 times of the ratio of the intensities of the fast emission to the slow one and can widen the application field of BaF₂
scintillation crystal in high count rate experiments.

The 0～20mol%Er³⁺-doped γ-AlOOH gels were prepared by using sol-gel methods from the aluminium
isopropoxide [Al(OC₃H₇)₃]-derived Al₂O₃ sols. The phase structures and these transformation processes of Er³⁺-doped γ-AlOOH gels
sintered at 950～1400℃ were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The experimental
results show that Er³⁺ doping lead to restraining the phase transformation of θ→α for alumina, and decreasing the growth rate of α phase
with an increase of 50～70℃ for the completed transformation temperature. The precipitation of the two Er-Al-O compounds, i.e.
Al₁₀Er₆O₂₄ and ErAlO₃ phases, is dependent on the Er³⁺ doping concentration and the sintering temperature. The ErAlO₃
phase precipitates in the 1～5mol%Er³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ sintered at 1100～1200℃. The Al_{10Er_6O_{24 phase precipitates in the 5～20mol%Er³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ sintered at
1000～1100℃, and is in all Er³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ with further increasing the sintering temperature. The nucleation of phase
transformation for θ→α is accelerated due to the presence of ErAlO₃ phase, resulting in a decrease of 30～50℃ for the beginning temperature of phase transformation correspondingly.
It has no greatly influence on the growth rate of α phase. The Al₁₀Er₆O₂₄ phase does not affect the phase transformation for
θ→α

In order to acquire highly concentrated BaTiO₃ slurry suitable for slipcasting process, the factors, that may influence the property of slurry, were investigated. The results obtained show that when pH=9 and the weight concentration of PVA and dispersant is 0.8% and 0.4% respectively, the solids loading as high as 80wt%(55vol%) can be achieved. In addition, The PTCR effect of chip PTCR formed by this slipcasting process was examined.

Ultra-fine Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃ (BST) powder was prepared by using barium nitrate, strontium nitrate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, and ammonium hydroxide
via citrate-nitrate combustion process. The pH value and dispersant, strongly influencing on the particle distribution of BST
powder, were investigated in detail. The precursor powders were pressed into tablets(φ=20.0mm, d=5.0 mm)and then fully sintered at
1300℃ for 2h.At 25℃, the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the sintered sample were 1470 and 0.006 at 10kHz,
respectively, measured by a HP4192A Impedance.

The effects of the alumina doped through the normal co-precipitation on the sintering and conductivity of
Yttria-stabilized zirconia were studied. The study shows that proper addition of alumina can accelerate the process of sintering and improve the
sintering density of zirconia, but it does harm to the sintering density of YSZ if the content of alumina is too high; the grain-boundary conductivity
increases at first and then decreases with increasing content of added alumina. The reason why grain-boundary conductivity changes with the content of alumina
is that alumina segregated to the grain boundary has two opposite effects on the grain boundary: at one side it can scavenge silicon dioxide which blocks
ionic transport at the grain boundary, at the other side it decreases the free oxygen ion vacancy concentration.

The SILAR method was applied to prepare cadmium sulfide thin films on a glass substrate at room temperature.
The growth rate and surface morphology of the films with cycle times were characterized. The effect of annealing on crystal structure and resistivity
of the films was studied. In addition, the growth mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of the thin film was discussed. The results show that
the film as-deposited is amorphous and compact, the growth rate is about 2nm/cycle and the size of the particles is increased from 60nm to 100nm
with the increase of the cycle times. The crystallinity is increased and the resistivity is decreased with the increase of annealing temperature
from RT to 673K.

Free-standing silica films were prepared repeatedly at the air-water interface by the biomimetic
synthesis technology, during which the hydrolysis of tetraethyoxysilane (TEOS) was directed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) supra-molecules
assemblies. The effects of material ratio, calcining conditions and DCCA(drying control chemical agent) on the qualities of silica films
were investigated. The various characterization results showed that the biomimetic synthesized silica film has a modal pore diameter of 1.8nm and
thickness of about 2μm, its upper surface is smooth and integral.

At the substrate temperature of 620℃, crystalline Ta₂O₅ films were sputtered by introducing suitable negative substrate bias of 100～200V.
It was thought that the ion bombardment to the substrate was enhanced with introducing the negative substrate bias. The diffusion and looseness of
deposited particles on the surface of substrate were accelerated. Consequently, the crystallization of Ta₂O₅ films was improved and
the crystallization temperature was lowered. Meanwhile, the C-V result indicated that the dielectric properties of Ta₂O₅ films were further
improved by introducing negative substrate bias.