Silicon carbide (SiC) composite cladding has emerged as a disruptive fuel cladding technology in advanced nuclear energy systems, owing to its high specific strength, remarkable neutron irradiation resistance, and excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, demonstrating significant potential to replace conventional zirconium alloy cladding. However, the structural complexity of SiC composites hinders a comprehensive understanding of their mechanical failure behavior under service conditions, which in turn constrains the pace of technological iteration. Therefore, to deeply reveal the damage mechanism of SiC composite cladding, accurately predict its stress-cracking risk in extreme environments, and further accelerate its engineering application, systematic multi-scale mechanical damage studies are essential. This review focuses on the research methodologies employed in multi-scale mechanical damage investigation of nuclear-grade SiC composite cladding. It covers macroscopic and micro-/nano-mechanical testing, in-situ monitoring and characterization techniques such as digital image correlation, X-ray computed tomography, and acoustic emission, as well as in-situ electron microscopy characterization and multi-scale numerical simulation. Significant progress has been achieved in this field: macroscopic mechanical tests can effectively characterize the overall mechanical performance of SiC composite cladding; multiple in-situ techniques enable multi-dimensional tracking of damage evolution from surface to interior and from static to dynamic processes; micro-/nano-mechanical testing provides critical support for obtaining mechanical parameters of key micro-constituents, including fibers, matrix, and interfaces; and multi-scale numerical simulations have established a predictive framework that effectively correlates microscopic mechanisms with macroscopic responses. Finally, prospects for future development and remaining challenges in this research area are outlined.

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a clean and versatile technique for thin film fabrication. This method provides precise control over film thickness and crystalline orientation while ensuring accurate transfer of chemical stoichiometry. It is commonly used to fabricate various functional thin film materials with complex compositions. Halide perovskite materials have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, leading to remarkable progress in applications such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. However, the high defect density in conventional polycrystalline perovskite films severely limits further improvements in device performance. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in preparing halide perovskite thin films via PLD, with a particular focus on epitaxial growth strategies designed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of polycrystalline films. First, the basic principles of PLD and their application in depositing polycrystalline perovskite films are outlined, including process control and device integration. Next, the article concentrates on advanced research in the epitaxial growth of single-crystal perovskite films using PLD. Key issues such as lattice matching, strain engineering, and the construction of low-defect interfaces are discussed, along with strategies for achieving high-quality epitaxy on various substrates. Finally, we analyze the challenges and future directions of PLD for applications in integrated optoelectronics, tandem solar cells, and flexible devices, with the aim of providing assistance and guidance for relevant researchers.

Sodium metal is an ideal alternative to lithium metal anodes due to its abundant resources, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential. However, the practical application of sodium metal anodes is still hindered by severe challenges such as dendrite growth and interfacial instability. To address the issues of high solvation energy barriers, sluggish interfacial kinetics, and facile dendrite formation in traditional carbonate-based electrolytes, this study proposes a “strong-weak solvent” strategy. By introducing a weakly solvating cyclic ether solvent, 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), into strongly polar carbonate solvents, combined with the regulatory effect of PF₆^- anions, a stable sodium metal anode interface was constructed. The results show that the low binding energy of DOL significantly reduces the interfacial transport barrier of Na⁺, increasing the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte to 9.31 mS·cm^-1 and effectively suppressing dendrite growth. In the NaPF₆-based electrolyte system, PF₆^- anions, with a concentrated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −0.639 eV, preferentially decompose to form an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, exhibiting excellent interfacial stability and cycling performance. The modified electrolyte maintains a wide electrochemical window (~4.21 V) inherent to the carbonate system while significantly reducing the polarization voltage in Na||Na symmetric cells. A full cell with the Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃||Na configuration demonstrates a high capacity retention of 92.1% after 1600 cycles at 2C rate (1C=120 mA·g^-1). This study provides new insights into achieving highly stable sodium metal anodes through synergistic regulation of the solvation structure and anion chemistry.

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes are typically composite materials with porous structure to meet gas diffusion requirements. However, the relationship between electrode structure and gas diffusion impedance remains to be further elucidated. Taking the typical composite cathode lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite-doped ceria (La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ-Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9, LSCF-SDC) as the research object, this study reveals the relationship between cathode structure and gas diffusion impedance by combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction methods. The results indicate that under galvanostatic discharge, the diffusion impedance increases nearly linearly with cathode thickness. Specifically, at a high current density of 1.0 A·cm^-2, a non-zero intercept of 0.11288 Ω·cm² appears in the impedance-thickness fitting, attributed to the mass transfer limitations imposed by the current collector and the external stagnant layer. Microstructural analysis demonstrates that as the dominant pore size increases from ~0.3 to ~1 μm, a fundamental transition in the gas transport mechanism from Knudsen diffusion to molecular diffusion occurs, resulting in a substantial reduction in diffusion impedance. However, while the increased porosity facilitates mass transfer, it leads to a decrease in triple-phase boundary (TPB) density from 233.5 to 196.7 μm·μm^-3, thereby inducing an increase in surface exchange impedance. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that addition of 15% (in mass) ammonium oxalate achieves an optimal balance between mass transport capability and reaction activity. In this work, a quantitative diffusion impedance model incorporating porosity, tortuosity, and pore size factor is established, providing verifiable experimental evidence and theoretical support for the microstructural design of SOFC cathodes.

ZnO, a transition metal oxide, possesses a high theoretical capacity of 978 mAh·g⁻¹ as an anode for lithium batteries. However, its cycling stability and capacity retention still need to be improved. Therefore, ZnO/CuO microspheres modified with nitrogen-doped carbon-coating (ZnO/CuO/N-C) were synthesized using Cu-ZnSe microspheres as a template and dopamine hydrochloride as raw material. This synthesis strategy simultaneously achieves the conversion of active materials, construction of internal pore structure, and coating of external conductive carbon layer. The electrochemical properties of ZnO/CuO microspheres anode are greatly improved after the treatment of nitrogen-doped carbon-coating. The pyridine nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen, and graphite nitrogen are formed after nitrogen doping into ZnO/CuO microspheres, significantly increasing surface active sites and promoting ion and electron transfer. A large number of defects are generated in the inner composites after carbon coating, advantageous for providing more active sites for surface redox reactions. The ZnO/CuO/N-C microspheres, as anode material of Li-ion batteries, exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. They still display a high specific capacity of 1010.4 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.1 A·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles. The specific capacity of ZnO/CuO/N-C microspheres anode could reach 447.1 mAh·g⁻¹ at a high current density of 1 A·g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles. The excellent rate performance is exhibited in the process of Li⁺ ions insertion, ascribed to a high contribution of pseudocapacitance. The improved electrochemical properties of ZnO/CuO/N-C microspheres can be ascribed to the following factors. The structural integrity of composites could be maintained by buffering volume expansion after carbon-coating. The electrolyte infiltration and ion transport can be promoted due to the existence of internal pores. A high capacity is caused through the conversion and alloying reactions between ZnO and CuO.

LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ (NM91) is one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high energy density, favorable cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, its practical application is hindered by poor rate performance and cycling performance. In this study, MgO and Y₂O₃ were used as raw materials, and single MgO and MgO/Y₂O₃ composite were coated on NM91 via a high-temperature solid-state method, yielding the corresponding samples designated as NM91-M and NM91-MY. Effects of these coatings and their underlying mechanisms were systematically investigated. Research results indicate that surface coatings do not change the crystal form of NM91, but both can make the material's surface rougher, inhibit the lattice shrinkage and expansion of the material during the cycling process, and mitigate the erosion of electrolytes on the electrode surface, leading to overall performance enhancement. The composite coating, owing to the introduction of Y₂O₃, removes surface residual lithium while generating the fast ion conductor LiYO₂ thus drastically reducing the material’s interfacial impedance, enhancing its ionic diffusion capability, and showing the best modification effect. After composite coating, the discharge specific capacity of the material at 5C (1C=180 mA·g^-1) increased from 90.7 mAh·g^-1 to 129.7 mAh·g^-1. After 150 cycles at 1C, the specific capacity retention rate of the material increased from 73.3% to 87.9%. Even at a high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V, after 100 cycles (1C), the composite-coated material still maintained a specific capacity retention rate of 85.8%, which was much higher than that of NM91 (70.5%). In addition, the thermal decomposition temperature of the material after 150 cycles increased from 223.5 ℃ to 230.5 ℃. This study demonstrates that MgO/Y₂O₃ composite coating is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance and thermal stability of NM91 materials.

TiN nanoparticles exhibit significant plasmonic photothermal properties, yet their role within TiN/TiO₂ composite photoanodes remains unclear. In this work, TiN nanoparticles were controllably synthesized via a Sol-Gel method using urea as the nitrogen source. A series of TiN/TiO₂ composite photoanodes were fabricated by adjusting the spin-coating volume of the TiN dispersion. The results show that TiN nanoparticles with size in the range of 10-30 nm can be obtained by controlling the urea/TiCl₄ molar ratio to 8. The TiN/TiO₂ composite photoelectrode, fabricated by spin-coating 200 μL of 2% (in mass) ethanol dispersion of these nanoparticles, achieves a photocurrent density of 1.47 mA·cm^-2 and an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.69 V under simulated solar illumination, enhanced by 75% and 57%, respectively, compared to pristine TiO₂ photoelectrode, and the electrode maintains stable performance for over 3 h. Introduction of TiN enhances visible light absorption of material. Therefore, under illumination, TiN nanoparticles undergo rapid heating, and the generated heat is efficiently transferred to the TiO₂ substrate, promoting interfacial charge transfer and surface reaction kinetics. These findings demonstrate that the photothermal effect of TiN can elevate the local temperature at the photoelectrode surface, thereby enhancing photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.

Fiber-based thermoelectric materials and devices have garnered significant attention in the field of self-powered wearable electronics due to their excellent weavability and superior conformability to human skin. However, conventional fabrication strategies for inorganic thermoelectric fibers are often limited by high manufacturing costs and stringent temperature requirements. Herein, a facile approach to fabricate Ag₂Se thermoelectric fibers via dopamine surface modification combined with in-situ chemical deposition is reported. Specifically, a polydopamine adhesive layer was formed on the surface of polyimide fibers through self-polymerization. Subsequently, a dense silver layer was deposited onto the adhesive layer via a silver mirror reaction, followed by a selenization process to convert the silver into Ag₂Se. The effects of dopamine functionalization and Ag precursor concentration on the fiber microstructure and thermoelectric performance were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the dopamine-functionalized fibers facilitated a more compact and continuous Ag₂Se deposition, increasing the power factor from 16.74 μW·m^-1·K^-2 to 40.14 μW·m^-1·K^-2 compared to untreated fibers. Further investigating the effect of Ag precursor concentration, it was found that the thermoelectric Ag₂Se fibers with an AgNO₃ concentration of 0.015 g·mL^-1 exhibited optimal performance, achieving a power factor of 42.9 μW·m^-1·K^-2 at room temperature. Furthermore, the fibers demonstrated excellent service stability, with a maximum relative resistance change of only 11.5% after 500 bending cycles and a stable Seebeck coefficient after 10 repeated washing cycles. Notably, an assembled two-leg device delivered an open-circuit voltage of 7.84 mV at a temperature difference of 38.0 K. This study provides a novel strategy for the low-cost fabrication of flexible Ag₂Se thermoelectric materials and devices.

Developing low-cost, highly active, and durable electrocatalysts for the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) is pivotal for enhancing the overall efficiency of ammonia-to-hydrogen conversion technologies. In this work, a monolithic Ni-Cu-Mo electrocatalyst featuring a hierarchical nanoflower architecture was in-situ constructed on a nickel foam (NF) substrate which was both the support and nickel source via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The integrated electrode was directly applied to ammonia-to-hydrogen production. Experimental results demonstrate that the Ni-Cu-Mo catalyst exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic activity, achieving a low onset potential of 1.32 V (vs. RHE)@10 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, it maintains a stable current density exceeding 100 mA·cm^-2 for 64 h of continuous operation at 1.5 V (vs. RHE), showcasing outstanding potential for industrial applications. Mechanistic insights reveal that the morphology of hierarchical nanoflower induced by Mo-doping provides ample exposure of active sites, while the three-dimensional NF scaffold ensures efficient charge transport and enhances mechanical and chemical stability during the electrolysis process. Simultaneously, the electronic interaction between Ni and Cu significantly accelerates the AOR reaction kinetics. This study presents a novel self-supported Ni-Cu-Mo electrocatalyst as a robust material platform for efficient ammonia-based hydrogen production and provides innovative strategies for designing electrocatalytic systems for ammonia-hydrogen blended zero-carbon fuels in the future.

Efficient and stable bifunctional non-noble metal electrocatalytic materials are essential to reduce the cost of hydrogen production by electrolysis. This study constructed iron-doped hierarchical porous amorphous nickel phosphate catalytic materials (Fe-NiOP/NF) on nickel foam (NF) using electrodeposition combined with chemical etching. This strategy allows the controllable preparation of nanosheets on the conductive substrate nickel foam by electrodeposition and in-situ induction of the nanosheets to a porous structure by chemical etching. The porous structure facilitates mass transfer of electrolyte and gas evolution. Iron doping effectively optimizes the electronic structure of active site Ni by triggering charge redistribution from Ni to Fe. The intrinsic activity normalized by electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) increases by approximately 2.95 times compared to the undoped sample. The Fe-NiOP/NF catalytic material exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic activity in both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction, with a hydrogen evolution overpotential of 246 mV and an oxygen evolution overpotential of 291 mV at a current density of -500 mA·cm^-2. When used as a bifunctional catalytic material in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) devices, Fe-NiOP/NF achieves catalytic performances of 1.92 V@1 A·cm^-2 and 2.13 V@2 A·cm^-2 at 70 ℃, and operates steadily for longer than 200 h at a current density of 1 A·cm^-2. The electrocatalytic material Fe-NiOP/NF developed in this study possesses the advantages of a simple synthesis method, high performance, and high stability, providing a new method for development of the electrode for industrial-level green hydrogen production.

Lithium alanate (LiAlH₄) is considered a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material due to its high theoretical hydrogen capacity (mass fraction about 10.5%). However, its practical application is hampered by high decomposition temperatures and sluggish kinetics. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has shown potential as an effective catalyst for improving the dehydrogenation properties of hydrides. Nevertheless, the catalytic performance of commercial TiO₂ is often limited by its uncontrollable morphology and structure. To overcome this limitation, this study used the Sol-Gel method to synthesize nanostructured TiO₂ catalysts with high specific surface area and abundant defects. The as-prepared TiO₂ was ball-milled with LiAlH₄ at different mass ratios (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) to form composites, whose dehydrogenation properties were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that the 5% (in mass) TiO₂-doped sample exhibited optimal performance, lowering the onset dehydrogenation temperature of LiAlH₄ to 112 ℃, which is 53 ℃ lower than that of pristine LiAlH₄ (165 ℃). Under isothermal conditions at 200 ℃, the composite released a total hydrogen capacity of 7.84% (in mass) within a significantly shorter time, and completed dehydrogenation approximately 30 min faster than the undoped sample. Even at a lower temperature of 150 ℃, the doped sample released 4.64% (in mass) hydrogen, far exceeding the capacity of pure LiAlH₄ (<1% (in mass)) at the same temperature. Kinetic analysis revealed that TiO₂ doping reduced the activation energy for the first dehydrogenation step from 116.2 kJ/mol to 55.6 kJ/mol, a remarkable decrease of 52%. In-situ formation of active AlTi and LiAl intermediate phases during dehydrogenation played a critical role, which served as efficient catalytic centers, providing new pathways for hydrogen recombination and desorption. This work not only verifies that TiO₂ synthesized via the Sol-Gel method can effectively break through the performance ceiling of commercial catalysts, but also offers new insights and experimental basis for designing next-generation high-performance catalysts for hydrogen storage materials.

SiC/SiC composites, renowned for their high toughness, thermal stability and oxidation resistance, become ideal candidate materials for hot-section components in aeroengines. However, high-temperature steam environments pose significant challenges to their practical application. Investigating the microstructural evolution and performance degradation mechanisms of SiC/SiC is crucial for predicting the service life of aeroengine. Here, SiC/SiC composites were fabricated using two liquid-phase methods: precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The oxidation behavior of SiC/SiC under high-temperature wet-oxygen conditions was evaluated comprehensively by in-situ wet-oxygen Raman and conventional characterization. The results indicated that residual carbon in PIP-SiC/SiC matrix was oxidized and volatilized as gaseous products between 700 and 1100 ℃, generating structural defects such as micropores and channels in SiC matrix. Thus, the wet-oxygen corrosive gases rapidly diffused to the fiber and interphase regions, leading to the oxidation and erosion of BN interphase at 700 ℃. At 1000 ℃, continuous oxidation caused significant surface structural damage to SiC fibers. With the temperature rising to 1100 ℃, the load-transfer capability of BN interphase was degraded, which can weaken the flexural properties of PIP-SiC/SiC. In contrast, the residual silicon and SiC in RMI-SiC/SiC matrix were oxidized to form molten SiO₂, which can hinder wet-oxygen corrosion. The onset temperature of BN interphase oxidation was increased to 900 ℃, preserving the structural integrity of SiC fibers. At 1100 ℃, the filling effect of oxidation products, including SiO₂ and B₂O₃ can improve SiC matrix strength and interfacial bonding, ensuring efficient load transfer from the matrix to fibers. Consequently, RMI-SiC/SiC exhibits more stable flexural performance in high temperature wet-oxygen environments. This study provides innovative characterization and performance optimization strategies for the structural design of ceramic matrix composites.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly threaten both environmental sustainability and public health. However, it remains challenging to combine high capacity and stability in most existing adsorbents. In this work, hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNS) were synthesized under alkaline conditions using tetrapropyl orthosilicate as the silicon source, followed by modulation of their surface hydroxyl content through variations in alkali concentration or temperature to yield a series of HCNS-x. These HCNS-x were then composited with UiO-66, which possesses a high specific surface area and excellent thermal stability, to prepare HCNS-x/UiO-66 composites. Their surface properties and structures were investigated through various characterization techniques. The results indicated that HCNS-2, activated with 3 mol/L NaOH at 60 ℃, exhibited the highest surface hydroxyl content. Furthermore, its corresponding composite, HCNS-2/UiO-66, demonstrated the most optimal pore structure parameters (a specific surface area as high as 3694 m²·g^-1, a total pore volume of 2.53 cm³·g^-1, and an average pore size of 6.9 nm). Static toluene adsorption tests revealed that the toluene adsorption capacity of HCNS-2/UiO-66 was 2.305 g·g^-1, which was 10.5 times that of pure UiO-66 (0.220 g·g^-1) and 1.6 times that of pristine HCNS (1.436 g·g^-1). Dynamic toluene adsorption breakthrough curve analysis confirmed that HCNS-2/UiO-66 possessed the most excellent toluene adsorption performance with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.140 g·g^-1, which was attributed to its large specific surface area and optimized pore structure. Additionally, cycling tests demonstrated that HCNS-2/UiO-66 maintained stable performance over multiple dynamic adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating that its saturated adsorption capacity consistently remained around 2.15 g·g^-1. This study constructed a VOCs adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and stability by modifying the HCNS surface to optimize its interfacial integration with UiO-66.

Co₃O₄ material holds a significant position among cobalt-based semiconductor materials, and enhancing the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency of Co₃O₄ materials remains a crucial research topic. ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite material was constructed via a hydrothermal method based on two precursor materials, including ZnWO₄ nanoparticles and Co₃O₄ microspheres. Morphology, structure and opto-electronic properties of ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite materials were characterized using different techniques. Moreover, the performance of the composite materials in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) was investigated. Photocatalytic mechanism of the material was elucidated by combining radical trapping experiments and Mott-Schottky fitting results with the material’s bandgap. The results indicate that heterojunctions are constructed at the interface between ZnWO₄ nanoparticles and Co₃O₄ microspheres through the formation of Zn-O-Co bonds. When the loading of ZnWO₄ is 15% (in mass), the degradation rate of the ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite material in a 10 mg∙L⁻¹ TC solution can reach 80.52%, which is 6.2 times higher than that of the single Co₃O₄ material. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance of the ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite material is attributed to the fact that the photogenerated electrons e^- on the conduction band of ZnWO₄ material can recombine with the photogenerated holes h⁺ on the valence band of Co₃O₄ at the interface heterojunction via the Zn-O-Co bonds. The photogenerated e^- accumulate on the conduction band of Co₃O₄, and the photogenerated h⁺ accumulate on the valence band of ZnWO₄. This endows the ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite material with a Z-type photogenerated carrier transport mechanism and effectively enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The loading site of ZnWO₄ is the main active center for the photocatalytic degradation reaction, while ·OH radicals act as the main active species. The synergistic effect of ·O₂^- radicals and photogenerated h⁺ enhances the photocatalytic performance of the ZnWO₄/Co₃O₄ composite material.

As one of highly promising luminescent materials, Cs₂NaHoCl₆:Yb³⁺ not only retains the advantages of traditional halide lead perovskite but also enables easier doping with rare earth ions, thus endowing it with richer luminescent properties. It has wide applications in the fields of biomedicine and solid-state lighting, etc. However, the development of green and pollution-free batch synthesis methods is still extremely urgent. In this study, Cs₂NaHoCl₆:Yb³⁺ was synthesized by the mechanochemical method, which only required grinding the metal chlorides and then drying them. High temperature or any toxic solvents are not needed throughout the entire synthesis process, and the yield is nearly 100%. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, Cs₂NaHoCl₆:Yb³⁺ emitted red emission at 665 nm and green emission at 550 nm, corresponding to the ⁵F₅→⁵I₈ and ⁵S₂/⁵F₄→⁵I₈ transitions of Ho³⁺ ions. The upconversion intensity gradually increased with the increase of Yb³⁺ doping concentration and reached the strongest when 40% (in molar) Yb³⁺ ions were doped, and secondary phases appeared as Yb³⁺ content further increased to 50% (in molar). Furthermore, anti-thermal quenching upconversion luminescence was observed in the Cs₂NaHoCl₆:Yb³⁺ sample, which may be related to the thermal activation and passivation of trap states. Another possible reason is that the increased temperature leads to the desorption of -OH groups on the surface of Cs₂NaHoCl₆:Yb³⁺, thereby weakening the surface quenching effect and enhancing the upconversion intensity. This study develops a green and pollution-free method for synthesizing lead-free double perovskites, where anti-thermal quenching upconversion luminescence was also observed, laying the foundation for the large-scale production of halide perovskite materials.

Metal halide perovskites, represented by CsPbBr₃, possess outstanding properties such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission linewidth and wide color gamut, making them promising applications in the areas of photodetection, solar cells and displays, etc. High-quality patterning is crucial for high-resolution and integrated optoelectronic devices. In order to explore the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration on the morphological, optical, and environmental stabilities of inkjet-printed CsPbBr₃ nano-arrays, a series of CsPbBr₃ patterns were inkjet printed on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, which were modified by PVP layer with varied concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/mL). When the PVP concentration was controlled at 50 mg/mL, the printed CsPbBr₃ patterns exhibited uniform crystalline morphology with the smallest average grain size of 92 nm, achieving the highest photoluminescence intensity and a prolonged fluorescence lifetime of 91.5 ns. It is attributed to effective defect passivation effect via coordination interactions between carbonyl groups (C=O) of PVP chains and Pb²⁺ ions of perovskite, suppressing the non-radiative recombination pathways. Stability evaluations were conducted under conditions of 30 ℃ and 65-75% relative humidity for 30 d, with PVP concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/mL, and the flexible luminescent patterns retained 16.20%, 73.44%, 66.57%, and 54.91% of their initial emission intensity, respectively. The significant enhancement in the environmental stabilities mainly originated from the space confinement and encapsulation effect of PVP matrix on the CsPbBr₃ particles. This work provides deeper insight into the optimization of flexible perovskite patterning, thereby advancing prospects for potential application in high-performance and integrated optoelectronic devices.

BN interphase serves as a key component of SiC_f/SiC composite materials. Optimizing its composition and microstructure is essential for enhancing the comprehensive performance and reliability of ceramic matrix composites. In this investigation, we developed an optoelectric combination technology by combining scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy through calibration and intelligent positioning, which can characterize the same area of the fiber at multiple scales. Key information, such as the surface roughness, micromorphology, and elemental distribution of BN interphase, was obtained. By establishing a unified planar coordinate system, it increased the measurement speed by about 1.1 times, and allowed high-throughput analysis of 20 component sample areas in one hour. The research indicates that the input flow rate of Si precursor increased during preparation, and the Si content in the xSi-BN interphase increased while the B content decreased. The introduction of Si leads to a decrease in the crystallinity of BN and an enhancement in its surface activity, thereby facilitating the absorption of oxygen from the air and the formation of protruding particles on the surface. Si doping significantly influences the layered structure and mechanical properties of BN. As the Si content reaches 8%, the “pop-in” phenomenon associated with interlayer sliding disappears, and the hardness of the xSi-BN interphase markedly decreases from 14.91 GPa to 8.06 GPa. When the Si content reaches 11%, the interfacial shear strength increases significantly from 32.76 MPa to 109.07 MPa. This technology provides an effective approach for the microstructural characterization of the compositional design, structural regulation, and performance optimization of the interphase in SiC_f/SiC composites. The datasets in this article are listed in Science Data Bank at http://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.jim.00028.

The Gd₂O₂S:Tb scintillation ceramics with different doping concentrations were prepared using the powders synthesized by the water-bath method, through vacuum pre-sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing post-treatment. The influence of doping concentration on the microstructure and optical properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics was investigated. The lattice parameter of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics decreases with the increase in doping concentrations. The total optical transmittance of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations does not vary much due to the secondary phase. With the increase in doping concentration, the photoluminescence (PL) decay time decreases from 617 μs to 576 μs, which is caused by the non-radiative relaxation among Tb³⁺ ions. The PL and X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics exhibit the high concentration quenching phenomenon. The 3.5% (in atomic) Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics have the highest steady-state XEL intensity with a light output of 37500 ph/MeV. The afterglow of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics with different concentrations varies little in the range of 0.1%-0.3% at 50 ms.

In response to the demanding requirements of extreme high-temperature structural applications, such as thermal protection systems for hypersonic vehicles, ZrB₂/(SiC-AlN) ceramic composites were fabricated via a precursor- derived route using commercially available polycarbosilane and polyborozirconoxane, followed by hot-press sintering at 1950 ℃. X-ray diffraction results indicated the formation of hexagonal SiC and ZrB₂ phases after sintering, while no distinct AlN diffraction peaks were observed due to the formation of a SiC-AlN solid solution. Microstructural observations revealed that in situ formed ZrB₂ was uniformly dispersed within the SiC-AlN matrix, contributing to improved densification and inhibition of grain growth. The effects of precursor-derived ZrB₂ content on phase composition, microstructure, densification behavior, and mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. Among the series of samples, the composite containing 25% ZrB₂ and 10% AlN (in mass) exhibited the lowest open porosity (0.6%), the highest flexural strength ((407±14) MPa), and the maximum fracture toughness ((5.8±0.1) MPa·m^1/2). This composition also exhibited effective short-term oxidation resistance in static air over the temperature range of 800-1000 ℃. The results demonstrate that the precursor-derived introduction of ZrB₂ is an effective approach to tailor microstructure and enhance the overall performance of polymer-derived SiC-AlN ceramic composites.