Co-modification of Biochar and Bentonite for Adsorption and Stabilization of Pb2+ ions

doi:10.15541/jim20200745

Abstract

Abstract:

Heavy metals can seriously endanger human health and the ecological environment due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative nature. In this study, an alkali-modified biochar-bentonite composite (CaO-Bent-CB) was prepared by alkali modification of corncob residues and bentonite mixture by calcium chloride and calcination at high temperature under anaerobic conditions. The CaO-Bent-CB composite has a specific surface area of 441.1 m²/g, which is significantly higher than CB (132.7 m²/g) and CaO-CB (177.2 m²/g). Meanwhile, the adsorption perfermance of CaO-Bent-CB to lead ions in water was evaluated. The results showed that the removal efficiency reached 98% after 6 h-adsorption, and the adsorption capacity was 109.6 mg/g when the concentration of lead ion was 120 mg/L, the weight ratio of bentonite to corncob residues was 1:5, and the dosage was 1 g/L. The adsorption capacity of CaO-Bent-CB was higher than that of CB (13.4 mg/g), bentonite (72.9 mg/g) and CaO-CB (86.9 mg/g). Moreover, the lead ion contaminated soil was stabilized by CaO-Bent-CB. When the concentration of lead ion in soil is 2200 mg/kg, and the loading of CaO-Bent-CB is 8% of soil, the concentration of lead ions in acid leachate (H₂SO₄-HNO₃, pH=3.2, 12 h-soaking) is 4.5 mg/L, which is lower than the standard value of hazardous waste identification (5 mg/L). The results show that CaO-Bent-CB has a great potential in the water treatment and heavy metals removal in soil.

Key words: corncob residue, biochar, clay, heavy metal, soil remediation

CLC Number:

X52
X533

XIAO Yao, WU Zhongjie, CUI Mei, SU Rongxin, XIE Lianke, HUANG Renliang. Co-modification of Biochar and Bentonite for Adsorption and Stabilization of Pb²⁺ ions[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(10): 1083-1090.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Specific surface area and pore size of biochars

Sample	Specific surface area/(m²·g^-1)	Average pore width/nm
CB	132.72	3.06
CaO-CB	177.22	3.63
CaO-Bent-CB	441.06	3.78

Fig. 1 SEM images of three biochars (a) CB; (b) CaO-CB; (c) CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of CB,CaO-CB and CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 3 FT-IR spectra of CB,CaO-CB and CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 4 Effect of different adsorbents on the removal of Pb2+ in the solution

Fig. 5 Effect of solution pH on the absorption quatity and removal of Pb2+ by CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 6 Effect of ionic strength on the removal of Pb2+ in the solution by CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 7 Effect of bentonite loading on the absorption quatity and removal of Pb2+ by CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 8 Adsorption kinetic curves for Pb2+ removal by CaO-Bent-CB

Table 2 Parameters of the kinetic model for the adsorption of Pb2+ by CaO-Bent-CB

Sample	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	Pseudo first-order kinetic model		Pseudo second-order kinetic model		Intraparticle diffusion kinetic model
Sample	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	R²	k₁/min^-1	R²	k₂/(g·mg^-1·min^-1/2)	R²	k_id/(g·mg^-1·min^-1/2)
CaO-Bent-CB	88.616	0.887	0.0284	0.983	0.000484	0.851	1.923

Table 3 Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption of Pb2+ by CaO-Bent-CB according to models

Sample	Q_max/(mg·g^-1)	Langmuir adsorption model		Freundlich adsorption model		Temkin adsorption model
Sample	Q_max/(mg·g^-1)	R²	K_L/(L·g^-1)	R²	K_F/(mg·g^-1)	R²	K_T/(mg·g^-1)	B
CaO-Bent-CB	232.167	0.989	0.00102	0.988	1.238	0.968	77.395	0.0671

Fig. 9 Adsorption isotherm curves for Pb2+ removal by CaO-Bent-CB

Fig. 10 Lead concentrations in acid leachate with different adsorbents

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Co-modification of Biochar and Bentonite for Adsorption and Stabilization of Pb²⁺ ions

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