Excess Bi and Cooling Method on Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 Lead-free Ceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20170005

Abstract

Abstract:

A series of 0.7BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃-xBi₂O₃(0≤x≤0.05) ceramics were prepared with solid reaction method under furnace, air and water cooling. The effects of excess Bi and cooling methods on phase structure, morphology and comprehensive electrical properties were investigated. All the ceramics show coexisting R-PC phase whose ratio C_R/C_PC is close to 1 at x = 0.01, apart from the appearance of an impurity phase Bi₂₅FeO₄₀ when x>0.01. Compared with cooling way, optimizing excess Bi content is more beneficial to enhance the piezoelectric performance of BFBT-xBi₂O₃. The d₃₃ firstly increases and then decreases with x increment, and gets an optimal value at x = 0.01. Smaller grain size and suitable C_R/C_PC, larger residual strain all contribute to the enhanced piezoelectricity (d₃₃=141 pC/N, k_p=27%) and a high Curie temperature (T_C = 507℃) in water-cooled BFBT-0.01Bi₂O₃ ceramic. The present work indicates that BFBT based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are promising candidates for high temperature applications with both high performance and high T_C.

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Key words: BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃, Bi compensation, cooling method, phase structures, d₃₃

CLC Number:

TM282

MA Jian, ZHANG Bo-Ping, CHEN Jian-Yin. Excess Bi and Cooling Method on Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ Lead-free Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(10): 1035-1041.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the BFBT-xBi2O3 ceramics

Fig. 2 (a-c) Enlarged XRD patterns in the 2θ range of 27°-28.5°, and (d) the 2θ(110)value and (e) the residual strain ε as a function of x for BFBT-xBi2O3 ceramics by furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling

Fig. 3 Rietveld fitted spectra of the BFBT-0.01Bi2O3 ceramics

Table 1 Rietveld refined lattice parameters and phase ratio of the BFBT-0.01Bi2O3 ceramics

Cooling method	Space group	Lattice parameters/nm			α=β=γ/(°)	R_wp/%	C_R/C_PC	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)
Cooling method	Space group	a	b	c	α=β=γ/(°)	R_wp/%	C_R/C_PC	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)
C-PDF#31-0174	PM-3M	0.4031	0.4031	0.4031	90.00	-	-
R-PDF#72-2112	R-3M	0.3952	0.3952	0.3952	90.00	-	-
Furnace cooling	PM-3M	0.3999	0.3999	0.3999	90.00	13.2	51/49	122
Furnace cooling	R-3M	0.3999	0.3999	0.3999	89.80	13.2	51/49	122
Air cooling	PM-3M	0.4029	0.4029	0.4029	90.00	9.8	54/46	130
Air cooling	R-3M	0.4027	0.4027	0.4027	90.00	9.8	54/46	130
Water cooling	PM-3M	0.4040	0.4040	0.4040	90.00	10.7	60/40	141
Water cooling	R-3M	0.4030	0.4030	0.4030	90.01	10.7	60/40	141

Fig. 4 SEM images of the BFBT-xBi2O3 ceramics sintered at 1020℃ for 4 h then by furnace cooling (a1)-(a4), air cooling (b1)-(b4) and water cooling (c1)-(c4)

Fig. 5 Average grain size (a) and relative density (b) for the BFBT-xBi2O3 ceramics by furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling

Fig. 6 Ferroelectric hysteresis loops (a-g) and Pr (h) as a function of x for the BFBT-xBi2O3 ceramics by furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling

Fig. 7 Temperature dependences of dielectric constant εr (a) and dielectric loss tanδ (b) for the BFBT-0.01Bi2O3 ceramics by furnace cooling, air cooling and water coolingThe inset is TC and CR/CPC under different cooling modes

Fig. 8 Leakage current density J(a), piezoelectric coefficient d33(b), planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp(c) and mechanical quality factor Qm(d) as a function of x for the BFBT- xBi2O3 ceramics by furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling

Fig. 9 Average grain size, CR/CPC, Pr, and residual strain ε of the BFBT-0.01Bi2O3 ceramics sintered at 1020℃ for 4 h then by furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling

Table 2 Electrical properties of the BF-BT based ceramics

Compositions	P_r/(μC·cm^-2)	E_C/(kV·cm^-1)	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)	T_C/℃	Ref.
0.7BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃-0.01Bi₂O₃	10.7	16.1	141	507	This work
0.65BiFeO₃-0.35BaTiO₃	30.6	27.9	104	414	[25]
0.7BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃	26.0	33.0	134	510	[21]
0.75BiFeO₃-0.25BaTiO₃-Mn	22.9	39.3	116	619	[10]
0.8BiFeO₃-0.2BaTiO₃-0.15wt% SiO₂	-	-	86	628	[26]
0.705BiFeO₃-0.275BaTiO₃-0.02Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-1mol%MnO₂	27.4	-	140	-	[18]
0.715BiFeO₃-0.275BaTiO₃-0.01Bi(Mg_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃- MnO₂	9.0	27.0	130	575	[23]

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Excess Bi and Cooling Method on Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ Lead-free Ceramics

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