Enhanced Resistivity Induced by the Second Phase with Layered Structure in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 Ceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20230167

Abstract

Abstract:

BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ (BF-BT) ceramics possess both high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric properties, and have a quite wide application prospects in high-temperature piezoelectric sensors and actuators. However, the resistivity of BF-BT ceramics is too low at high-temperature, which can lead to deterioration or even failure of the device's high-temperature performance. Therefore, improving the resistance performance of BF-BT ceramics is the key issue that must be addressed before its application. However, as a type of ferrite, it is difficult to improve resistivity through conventional methods, such as doping modification and optimizing sintering system. In this work, an abnormal increase in resistivity was discovered in BF-BT ceramics, which was confirmed to be related to the second phase Bi₂₅FeO₄₀. Microstructural analysis shows that the second phase has a special layered periodic structure, in which every three rows of atoms constitute a period, and most defects concentrate in one layer of atoms. The pure Bi₂₅FeO₄₀ was successfully synthesized using traditional solid phase method and introduced as an additive into the 0.70BF-0.30BT component, which can increase the resistivity at 300 ℃ from 1.03 MΩ·cm to 4.33 MΩ·cm. In addition, the results of COMSOL simulation confirm that introducing this second phase can increase the resistivity of the 0.67BF-0.33BT component by one order of magnitude. According to the energy filtering effect, this special structure with high energy barriers can prevent carrier migration and improve the resistivity of BF-BT ceramics. This work provides a practical and feasible method for improving the resistivity of BF-BT ceramics.

Key words: resistivity, carrier migration, BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ ceramics, simulation confirm

CLC Number:

TQ174

KANG Wenshuo, GUO Xiaojie, ZOU Kai, ZHAO Xiangyong, ZHOU Zhiyong, LIANG Ruihong. Enhanced Resistivity Induced by the Second Phase with Layered Structure in BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(12): 1420-1426.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of sintered (1−x)BF-xBT samples in the range of 2θ=15°-80° (a) and the magnified image at 2θ=39° (b)

Fig. 2 Backscattered electron images of the cross-section for (1−x)BF-xBT ceramics (a-d), polished surface image for x=0.10 composition (e), and EDS mapping of Bi (f) and Fe (g)

Fig. 3 DC resistivity versus temperature of (1−x)BF-xBT ceramics (a), Nyquist plots at 300 ℃ (b), and grain boundary resistivity obtained from fitting Cole-Cole plots of x=0.10 composition (c)

Fig. 4 Modulus plots versus temperature for x=0.10 composition (a), and capacitance values extracted from modulus peaks at different temperatures (b)

Fig. 5 TEM image (a), selected-area electron diffraction (b) and high-resolution TEM image (c) at [111] of second phase, and high-angle annular dark-field images in [111] zone axis (d, e) with illustration in (e) showing intensity plot of atoms in green box

Fig. 6 Resistivity simulation of the BF-BT composite ceramic at 300 ℃ (a), schematic diagram describing carrier migration (b), and Schottky barrier model (c)

Fig. 7 Backscatter morphologies of the polished 0.70BF-0.30BT pure component sample (a) and the sample modified with the second phase (b), resistivities of two samples versus temperature (c), and summary results of the resistivities of 0.70BF-0.30BT at 300 ℃ reported in the literatures (d)

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Enhanced Resistivity Induced by the Second Phase with Layered Structure in BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ Ceramics

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