Monitoring Ammonia at Room Temperature of p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid Modified MoO3/PPy Composites

doi:10.15541/jim20240218

Abstract

Abstract:

Ammonia is a harmful atmospheric pollutant that poses serious threats to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, the development of low-energy, high-performance and real-time ammonia monitoring system is imperative. In this study, p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid (pABSA) modified MoO₃/polypyrrole (PPy) composite materials were successfully prepared using an in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method with MoO₃ and pyrrole monomer (Py) as raw materials and FeCl₃ as an oxidant, along with pABSA as an anionic surfactant. Microstructure of the materials was characterized to explore influence of pABSA-modified MoO₃/PPy composite materials on the gas sensing performance. The results demonstrate that at room temperature, the response value of pABSA-modified MoO₃/PPy composite material to a mass concentration of 1×10⁵ µg/L ammonia is 188%, which is ~8 times higher than that of pure PPy (22%), exhibiting excellent selectivity and stability. The enhancement in sensing performance can be attributed to the formation of a heterojunction between MoO₃ and PPy as well as surface modification by pABSA leading to increased mobile charge carriers on the material's surface.

Key words: polypyrrole, MoO₃, p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, ammonia, gas sensitivity, charge transport

CLC Number:

TB332

DING Ningning, SUN Jianhua, WEI Xu, SUN Lixia. Monitoring Ammonia at Room Temperature of p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid Modified MoO₃/PPy Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(11): 1245-1253.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of samples

Fig. 2 FT-IR spectra of samples

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of samples

Fig. 4 Electron microscopy and surface element scanning of samples (a-d) SEM images of (a) MoO3, (b) PPy, (c) MP10 and (d) MPA40; (e) TEM and (f) HRTEM images of MPA40; (g-l) Element mappings of MPA40

Table 1 Zeta potential of the materials

Sample	Zeta potential/mV
PPy	-13
MP10	-18
MPA20	-25
MPA30	-27
MPA40	-33
MPA50	-30
MPA60	-30

Fig. 5 Electrical properties tests of samples (a) EIS plots of PPy, MP10 and MPA40; (b) Mott-Schottky plots of MoO3 and MPA40; Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 6 XPS spectra of PPy, MP10, and MPA40 (a) N1s and (b) O1s of PPy, MP10, and MPA40; (c) S2p of MPA40

Fig. 7 Sensitivity of samples to 1×105 µg/L NH3 at room temperature

Fig. 8 Sensitivity of PPy, MP10 and MPA40 to different target gases at room temperature

Fig. 9 (a) Transient response and (b) linear fitting curves of pure PPy, MP10 and MPA40 to different concentration levels of ammonia

Fig. 10 (a) Repeatability and (b) long-term stability tests of samples for 1×105 µg/L ammonia

Table 2 Ammonia sensing properties of different materials

Material	T/℃	Mass concentration/ (µg·L^-1)	Response/%	Ref.
PPy	RT	1×10⁵	34.7	[43]
PPy-V₂O₅-MnO₂	RT	0.2×10⁵	45.67	[44]
MXene/MoS₂/PPy	RT	0.1×10⁵	108	[45]
PPy/CeO₂	RT	50×10⁵	93.4	[46]
NiO/PPy	RT	45	65	[47]
rGO-PPy-SnO₂	RT	0.1×10⁵	53	[48]
PPy-ZnO-CSA	RT	1.2×10⁵	79	[15]
pABSA-MoO₃/PPy	RT	1×10⁵	188	This work

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of gas sensing mechanism of pABSA-MoO3/PPy composites

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Monitoring Ammonia at Room Temperature of p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid Modified MoO₃/PPy Composites

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