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无机材料学报

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 290-296.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240391 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20240391

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于湿法纺丝技术的SiBCN-rGO陶瓷纤维的组织结构、力学和吸波性能

高晨光1(), 孙晓亮2, 陈君1, 李达鑫2(), 陈庆庆3(), 贾德昌2, 周玉2,4   

  1. 1.北京控制工程研究所, 北京 100190
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 特种陶瓷研究所, 哈尔滨 150080
    3.安庆师范大学 电子工程与智能制造学院, 安庆 246011
    4.哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) 材料科学与工程学院, 深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-03-20 网络出版日期:2025-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 李达鑫, 副研究员. E-mail: lidaxin@hit.edu.cn;
    陈庆庆, 副教授. E-mail: wjk7179236@126.com
  • 作者简介:高晨光(1979-), 男, 硕士. E-mail: gao_bh@sina.com

SiBCN-rGO Ceramic Fibers Based on Wet Spinning Technology: Microstructure, Mechanical and Microwave-absorbing Properties

GAO Chenguang1(), SUN Xiaoliang2, CHEN Jun1, LI Daxin2(), CHEN Qingqing3(), JIA Dechang2, ZHOU Yu2,4   

  1. 1. Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Bejing 100190, China
    2. Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
    3. School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
    4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Received:2024-08-27 Revised:2024-10-21 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-03-12
  • Contact: LI Daxin, associate professor. E-mail: lidaxin@hit.edu.cn;
    CHEN Qingqing, associate professor. E-mail: wjk7179236@126.com
  • About author:GAO Chenguang (1979-), male, Master. E-mail: gao_bh@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002092);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51832002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172068);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52232004);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372059);Beijing High Efficiency and Green Aerospace Propulsion Engineering Technology Research Center and Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Advanced Space Propulsion Technology Laboratory Open Fund(LabASP-2023-11)

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摘要：

随着我国新型空天飞行器的快速发展, 对热端部件的结构可靠性和宽频微波隐身提出了更高的性能要求。SiBCN系亚稳陶瓷具有良好的耐高温、抗热震、耐烧蚀、抗长时氧化、抗蠕变等特性, 在高温吸波结构领域极具应用潜力, 但是该系亚稳陶瓷较低的介电损耗限制了其电磁波吸收能力。本研究基于湿法纺丝技术制备了具有良好力学和吸波性能的SiBCN-rGO陶瓷纤维。结果表明, 制备的SiBCN-rGO陶瓷纤维具有多孔结构, 且纤维的孔隙率随着氧化还原石墨烯(Reduced Graphene Oxide, rGO)含量的增加而增大; 此外, 高含量rGO和高纤维比表面积促进了非晶基体中SiC的结晶析出。引入rGO显著提高了陶瓷纤维的拉伸性能, 随着rGO质量分数从0提高至4%, 纤维的断裂伸长率从8.05%增加到18.05%, 拉伸强度从1.62 cN/dtex(0.324 GPa)提高到2.32 cN/dtex(0.464 GPa)。rGO含量增加降低了纤维的电阻率, 且纤维的复介电常数实部与虚部均下降, 但损耗角正切值逐渐提高。SiBCN-rGO陶瓷纤维表现出良好的吸波性能, 其中含质量分数6% rGO的陶瓷纤维在9.20 GHz处具有最小反射系数−50.90 dB, 有效吸收带宽达2.3 GHz, 在吸波陶瓷基复合材料方面具有应用前景。

关键词: SiBCN纤维, 氧化还原石墨烯, 吸波性能, 力学性能

Abstract:

With the rapid development of new aerospace vehicles, there are increasing demands for higher structural reliability and wideband microwave stealth requirements for the components operating under high-temperature condition. SiBCN based metastable ceramics exhibit good resistance to high temperature, thermal shock, ablation, long-term oxidation, and creep, showcasing great potential in the field of high-temperature structural microwave absorption. However, their ability to absorb electromagnetic waves is limited by low dielectric loss. In this study, the SiBCN-rGO ceramic fibers with good mechanical and microwave-absorbing properties were prepared using the wet spinning technology. Results showed that the as-prepared SiBCN-rGO ceramic fibers possessed porous structure, with porosity increasing with the increase of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) content. Additionally, both high rGO content and high fiber specific surface area promoted the crystallization of SiC within the amorphous matrix. The introduction of rGO significantly enhanced the tensile properties of the resulting ceramic fibers. As the mass fraction of rGO increased from 0 to 4%, the fibers’ elongation at break increased from 8.05% to 18.05%, and the tensile strength increased from 1.62 cN/dtex (0.324 GPa) to 2.32 cN/dtex (0.464 GPa). The increase of rGO content also reduced the electrical resistivity of the ceramic fibers. Moreover, as the rGO mass fraction increased from 0 to 4%, both the real and imaginary parts of the fibers’ dielectric constant decreased, while the loss tangent gradually increased. The SiBCN-rGO ceramic fibers with those containing 6% (mass fraction) rGO exhibited excellent wave-absorption performance, showing the minimum reflection coefficient of -50.90 dB at 9.20 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 2.3 GHz, indicating promising applications in wave-absorbing ceramic matrix composites.

Key words: SiBCN fiber, reduced graphene oxide, wave-absorbing performance, mechanical property

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