C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20220555

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 561-568.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220555

C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

张硕(), 付前刚(), 张佩, 费杰, 李伟

西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室, 纤维增强轻质复合材料陕西省重点实验室, 西安 710072

收稿日期:2022-09-22 修回日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2022-12-09 网络出版日期:2022-12-09
通讯作者: 付前刚, 教授. E-mail: fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn
作者简介:张硕(1994-), 女, 博士研究生. E-mail: shuozhang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52125203);国家自然科学基金(51872239);国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0715800);基础科学中心燃气轮机项目(P2021-A-IV-003-001)

Influence of High Temperature Treatment of C/C Porous Preform on Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C-SiC Composites

ZHANG Shuo(), FU Qiangang(), ZHANG Pei, FEI Jie, LI Wei

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Received:2022-09-22 Revised:2022-11-21 Published:2022-12-09 Online:2022-12-09
Contact: FU Qiangang, professor. E-mail: fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn
About author:ZHANG Shuo (1994-), female, PhD candidate. E-mail: shuozhang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125203);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872239);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715800);Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(P2021-A-IV-003-001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低密度C/C多孔体的结构与性能调控是制备具有优异摩擦磨损性能的C/C-SiC复合材料的关键。本研究采用化学气相渗积法制备了C/C多孔体, 并对其进行2100 ℃高温热处理, 再通过反应熔渗法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料, 研究了C/C多孔体高温热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构、导热性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明, 经2100 ℃热处理的C/C多孔体孔隙率和石墨化程度增加, 用其制备的C/C-SiC复合材料比C/C多孔体未经热处理的密度更大(2.22 g/cm³), 孔隙率由5.1%降低至3.4%, SiC陶瓷相含量比热处理前提高11.9%。石墨化程度越高，声子的平均自由程越大, 因此其室温的导热率提升到3.1倍, 1200 ℃导热率提升到1.2倍。经过热处理的热解炭更软, 摩擦面易形成连续且稳定的摩擦膜, 因此摩擦系数更稳定, 并且在测试载荷为3、6和9 N下磨损率均显著降低, 下降幅度达到47.8%、41.9%和11.7%, 平均摩擦系数分别为0.47、0.38和0.39。综上所述, 对C/C多孔体进行高温热处理可使C/C-SiC复合材料的导热性能提升, 更耐磨并且表现出更稳定的摩擦系数。

关键词: C/C-SiC复合材料, 高温热处理, 导热率, 摩擦, 耐磨

Abstract:

Controlling the structure and properties of low-density C/C porous preforms is the key to the preparation of C/C-SiC composites with excellent friction and wear properties. In this study, C/C porous preforms prepared by chemical vapor infiltration were subjected to high temperature heat-treatment at 2100 ℃. C/C-SiC composites were prepared by reactive melt infiltration. Effects of high temperature heat-treatment of C/C porous preforms on microstructures, thermal properties and tribological properties of C/C-SiC composites were investigated. The results showed that the porosity and graphitization degree of the C/C porous performs increased after high temperature heat-treatment at 2100 ℃. The C/C-SiC composites have a higher density (2.22 g/cm³), and the porosity is reduced from 5.1% to 3.4%, the phase content of SiC ceramic is increased by 11.9%. The mean free path of phonons is larger when C/C porous preforms have a higher degree of graphitization, resulting in thermal conductivity at room temperature being increased by 2.1 times, and the thermal conductivity at 1200 ℃ being increased by 0.2 times. Wear surface of C/C-SiC composites forms a continuous and stable friction film, which is attributed to the fact that the PyC after high temperature treatment is softer and easier to be extruded into a film. Thus, the friction coefficient is more stable, and the wear rate is reduced under the test loads of 3, 6 and 9 N, by 47.8%, 41.9% and 11.7%, and the average friction coefficients are 0.47, 0.38 and 0.39, respectively. Therefore, high temperature heat-treatment of the C/C porous preforms can improve the thermal conductivity of the C/C-SiC composites, which exhibits a more stable friction coefficient and more wear-resistant.

Key words: C/C-SiC composites, high temperature treatment, thermal conductivity, friction, wear resistance

中图分类号:

TB332

张硕, 付前刚, 张佩, 费杰, 李伟. C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(5): 561-568.

ZHANG Shuo, FU Qiangang, ZHANG Pei, FEI Jie, LI Wei. Influence of High Temperature Treatment of C/C Porous Preform on Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C-SiC Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(5): 561-568.

图/表 11

图1 C/C多孔体的SEM照片

Fig. 1 SEM images of porous C/C preform (a) Not graphitized; (b) After heat-treatment at 2100 ℃

图2 C/C多孔体PyC晶体分析

Fig. 2 Analysis of PyC crystal in porous C/C preform (a) XRD patterns; (b) Raman spectra; (c, d) Raman fitting spectra of (c) sample C/C and (d) sample C/C (2100 ℃)

表1 C/C多孔体的XRD衍射峰位、石墨化度和拉曼光谱拟合结果

Table 1 XRD diffraction peaks, graphitization degrees, and Raman spectral fitting results of porous C/C preform

Sample	2θ_C(002)/(°)	g/%	I_D/I_G	A_G/A_T
C/C	25.501	-60.93	1.19	0.20
C/C(2100 ℃)	26.162	41.74	0.44	0.31

图3 C/C-SiC复合材料的的微观形貌和BSE照片

Fig. 3 Microphologies and BSE images of C/C-SiC composites (a, c) Sample C/C-SiC; (b, d) Sample C/C (2100 ℃)-SiC

表2 C/C多孔体及C/C-SiC复合材料的密度与孔隙率

Table 2 Densities and porosities of the C/C and C/C-SiC composites

Sample	Density/(g·cm^-3)	Porosity /%
C/C	1.45	18.9
C/C(2100 ℃)	1.41	21.9
C/C-SiC	2.13	5.1
C/C(2100 ℃)-SiC	2.22	3.4

图4 C/C-SiC复合材料的物相分析

Fig. 4 Phase analyses of C/C-SiC composites (a) XRD pattern; (b) Quantitative analyses

图5 C/C-SiC复合材料Z向热学性能随温度的变化

Fig. 5 Relations of thermal properties to temperature of C/C-SiC composites on Z direction (a) Specific heat capacity; (b) Thermal conductivity; (c) Thermal diffusivity

图7 不同载荷下C/C-SiC复合材料磨痕SEM照片

Fig. 7 SEM images of C/C-SiC composites grinding defect under different loads (a-c) Sample C/C-SiC under (a) 3 N, (b) 6 N, (c) 9 N loads; (d-f) Sample C/C(2100 ℃)-SiC under (d) 3 N, (e) 6 N, (f) 9 N loads

图6 C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦系数

Fig. 6 Friction coefficient of C/C-SiC composites (a) Variation of friction coefficient with time under different loads; (b) Average coefficient of friction under different loads

图8 C/C-SiC 复合材料在不同载荷下的磨损率

Fig. 8 Wear rate of C/C-SiC composites under different loads

图9 不同载荷下C/C-SiC复合材料磨痕高倍SEM照片

Fig. 9 SEM images of C/C-SiC composites grinding defect under different loads (a, b) Sample C/C-SiC under (a) 3 N, (b) 9 N loads; (c, d) Sample C/C(2100 ℃)-SiC under (c) 3 N, (d) 9 N loads

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C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

Influence of High Temperature Treatment of C/C Porous Preform on Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C-SiC Composites

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