纤维状纸炭对电极构造的准固态染料敏化太阳电池

doi:10.15541/jim20140248

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将三种纸张(复印纸、滤纸和面巾纸)为原料经单步热解获得的纸炭作为对电极的催化材料引入准固态染料敏化太阳电池(QDSCs), 考查了纸炭的催化活性和相应器件的光电性能。结果表明: 三种纸炭均由径向尺寸约为10 μm的碳纤维堆砌而成, 具有低的结晶度和发达的孔隙, 因此相比石墨均能获得更佳的催化活性和更高效率的QDSCs。在三种纸炭中, 由复印纸获得的纸炭所含的碳纤维表面具有独特的细小鳞片结构, 使其拥有最高的比表面积和最优的催化活性。纸炭在QDSCs中既能提供催化活性点, 又能改善电解质的离子导电率, 因此获得高于铂对电极组装的QDSCs的短路电流和开路电压, 弥补了催化活性和填充因子的不足, 最终具有与后者相比拟的光电转换效率。

关键词: 纸炭, 单步热解, 对电极, 准固态电解质, 太阳电池

Abstract:

Three types of paper carbons (PCs) were introduced into quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) as counter electrodes. The PCs were respectively prepared using printed paper, filter paper and facial tissue as raw materials by one-step pyrolysis. Results show that each PC consists of carbon fibers with radial size of ~10 μm, and has low crystallinity as well as well-developed porous structure. As a result, each type of PC displays more excellent catalytic activity for tri-iodide () reduction than graphite, which brings about higher efficiency for use in QDSCs. In three PCs, PC fabricated from printed paper possesses the highest surface area and the most outstanding catalytic activity. This is mainly attributed to unique carbonaceous ramentums on carbon fibers in printed paper derived PC. Each type of PC in QDSCs not only provides catalytic active sites for reduction, but also serves distinctive function to improve the ion conductivity of quasi-solid-state electrolyte. Consequently, PCs based QDSCs have higher short-circuit current density (J_sc) and open-circuit voltage (V_oc) compared with traditional Pt based QDSCs. The higher J_scand V_occover the insufficiency of fill factor, resulting in comparable efficiencies with traditional Pt based QDSCs.

Key words: paper carbon, one-step pyrolysis, counter electrode, quasi-solid-state electrolyte, solar cells

中图分类号:

TM914

徐顺建, 罗玉峰, 钟炜, 肖宗湖, 罗永平, 欧惠 . 纤维状纸炭对电极构造的准固态染料敏化太阳电池[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(1): 29-34.

XU Shun-Jian, LUO Yu-Feng, ZHONG Wei, XIAO Zong-Hu, LOU Yong-Ping, OU Hui. Quasi-solid-state Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Employing Fibers Stacked Paper Carbons as Efficient Counter Electrodes[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(1): 29-34.

图/表 9

图 1 不同纸炭的XRD图谱

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of paper carbons derived from different paper

图2 不同纸炭的SEM形貌

Fig. 2 SEM morphologies of paper carbons derived from different paper. (a) and (d): PC-P from printed paper; (b) and (e): PC-F from filter paper; (c) and (f): PC-T from facial tissue

图 3 不同纸炭的N2吸附-脱附曲线

Fig. 3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of paper carbons derived from different paper

图 4 纸炭对电极和石墨对电极的EIS图谱

Fig. 4 EIS patterns of paper carbons and graphite counter electrodes

表 1 纸炭对电极和石墨对电极的电化学性能

Table 1 Electrochemical performances of paper carbons and graphite counter electrodes

Electrode	R_ct/Ω	N_p/Ω	R_s/Ω	E_p/mV
PC-P	6.17	0.75	24.62	419
PC-F	40.42	0.39	23.24	454
PC-T	20.22	0.49	23.01	-
Graphite	156.46	0.23	27.54	685

图 5 纸炭对电极和石墨对电极的CV曲线

Fig. 5 CVs for paper carbons and graphite counter electrodes

图 6 纸炭和石墨组装的QDSCs的J-V曲线

Fig. 6 J-V curves of QDSCs consisting of paper carbons and graphite counter electrodes. The insert shows the photo of the electrolyte for QDSCs

表2 纸炭和石墨组装的QDSCs的光电性能

Table 2 Photovoltaic performances of QDSCs with paper carbons and graphite counter electrodes

Electrode	J_sc/(mA·cm^-2)	V_oc/V	FF	η/%
PC-P	14.48	0.678	0.527	5.17
PC-F	13.58	0.685	0.515	4.79
PC-T	14.64	0.673	0.506	4.99
Graphite	11.05	0.641	0.243	1.72

图 7 铂对电极组装的QDSCs的J-V曲线

Fig. 7 J-V curve of QDSCs with Pt counter electrode. The insert shows the EIS pattern of Pt electrode

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