Recently, texture technique, which is an effective method to improve the piezoelectric properties of Lead-free ceramics, has been widely investigated and attracted much attention. In this paper, several texture techniques, such as hot processing, oriented consolidation of anisometric particles, templated grain growth, reactive templated grain growth and multi-layer grain growth techniques, and along with their development and applications to Lead-free piezoceramics, are reviewed. The influences of texture processing on microstructure and grain growth mechanisms of textured ceramics are discussed in detail.

LiFePO₄/C was synthesized by a sol-gel method using glycol as solvent. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were used for the phase identification and the structural observation of the synthesized LiFePO₄ products. The electrochemical properties including the cycle stability, the discharge capacity under different discharge rates of LiFePO₄ synthesized at 600--750℃ were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscope and other methods. The results show that the crystallization and electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄/C are affected remarkably by the sintering temperature. LiFePO₄/C sintered at 700℃ is well crystallized and has an even distribution of gain with size of around 150nm, exhibiting excellent electrochemical properties. Its discharge capacity reaches 150mAh/g at 0.5C and the discharge capacity still reaches 141mAh/g at 1C. The discharge capacity of the LiFePO₄/C is almost reserved after 200 cycles.

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ is considered as a new-generation cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Al₂O₃ film was coated on the surface of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ in order to prevent irreversible reactions between cathode and electrolytes. The structure analysis indicates that the Al₂O₃ film is amorphous with thickness of about 100nm, the core material has a hexagonal structure. The experiment results show that Al₂O₃ coating is effective to improve overcharge capability and cycle stability. The capacity retention of the coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ is increased by 11.5％ compared with that of a blank sample after 50 charge-discharge cycles at the cutoff voltage of 3.0--4.5V and 1C rate.

By synthesizing reactive powders via a self-sustaining combustion synthesis, the EDTA-nitrate process, Sm_0.15Gd_0.05Ce_0.8O_1.9 was prepared. The resultant powders were dispersed with the terpineol as the dispersant by different methods such as ball milling and high-shear dispersing. Coagulation factor (CF) was adopted to denote the agglomeration degree of nano-scale SGDC in this work. The effect of agglomeration on the densification behaviors at different sintering temperatures was investigated. The studies indicate that agglomeration retards densification in the stage of sintering. The powders with better dispersion exhibit a higher sintered density at the same temperature. After effective dispersion measures taken, SGDC can fully densified at the sintering temperature of 1300℃. The densification temperature is significantly lower than those reported previously.

Activated carbon for electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC) application was prepared by steam activation of resole phenolic formaldehyde resin through changing the activating time(PFR(1-5H). The BET specific surface area and pore structure parameter f all samples obtained were determined by the low temperature gas adsorption isotherm. It is found that the BET specific surface area and the mesopore ratio of the activated carbon are increased with the activating time increasing. The electrochemical test indicates that the model EDLC prepared by PFR5H (5h activating time) shows the highest specific capacitance of 106.5F/g in organic system with the constant discharge current of 50mA/g. When the constant discharge current is 1000mA/g, its specific capacitance remains 99.7F/g and only decreases 6.4％ in the same system. And the model EDLC prepared by PFR5H shows good rate capability. AC impedance analyses show that the model EDLC prepared by PFR5H has the lowest resistance, so it has remarkable specific capacitance and good power capability.

The voltammetric behaviors of graphite (GP) and its composites with acetylene black (AB) were studied in 5mol/L H₂ SO₄+1mol/L VOSO₄ solution with cyclic voltammetry (CV), and surface morphologies of the composites were observed with scan electron icroscope (SEM). The results obtained with voltammetry show that the redox couples of V(Ⅳ)/V(Ⅴ) and V(Ⅱ)/V(Ⅲ), as positive and negative electrodes of all vanadium flow liquid battery, respectively, have good reversibility but low current on the GP electrode, and the current can be improved by AB. The SEM observation shows that the granulars of AB are dispersed evenly on the surface of sheet GP when they are mixed together. The best compositions for the positive and the negative of all vanadium flow liquid battery determined by comparing voltammetric behavior of the composite electrodes with different content of AB, are (wAB:wGP) 15:85 for the positive and 4:96 for the negative.

Phosphorus incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:P) film was deposited by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technology with PH3 as the dopant source. The composition and structural characteristics were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope and Raman spectroscope, and the electrochemical behaviors of ta-C:P film were examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Results indicate that phosphorus implantation does not remarkably change the amorphous structure of the film but enhances the clustering of sp² sites dispersed in sp3 skeleton and the evolution of structrual ordering. Ta-C:P film pretreated by acid exhibits a large electrochemical potential window and a low background current in H₂SO₄ solution, a considerable electrochemical activity toward Cl^-, quick electrode response and a high signal for Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ analysis. These characteristics greatly demonstrate a potential application of conductive ta-C:P film as electrodes for analysis and treatment of trace metal ions in waste water.

La_1-x Sr_xCrO₃ powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method and sintered at a low temperature. The powders and sintered pellets were characterized by XRD, TEM, DSC and SEM. It is found that the mean particle size is below 50nm. The powder with x=0 and 0.1 of single phase of La_1-x Sr_xCrO₃, and another phase SrCrO₄ appears with x=0.3. Lattice distorts and lattice parameters of lanthanum chromite decrease with increasing Sr content. The sintering process of lanthanum chromite can be divided into two stages: a slow exothermic effect below 1200℃ and a quick exothermic effect near 1350℃, corresponding to the primary and intermediate sintering stage, respectively. The relative density of the sintered body (x=0.3) after sintering at 1380℃ is 91％, according to the procedure derived from the DSC analysis.

Cerium-doped TiO₂/Ti photoelectrodes were prepared by anodization. The photoelectrodes were characterized by SEM, XRD, XRF, XPS and UV/VIS/NIR, and their photoelectrocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation was also investigated. Taking degradation efficiency of rhodamine B as indication, the preparing conditions of Cerium-doped TiO₂/Ti photoelectrodes were optimized. The optimal parameters are voltage of 160V, current density of 100mA/c ² and Ce(NO₃)₃ concentration of 960 mg/L.

Fe³⁺ doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by diffusion flame method. The activity of Fe-TiO₂ nanoparticles on the photodegradation of RhB was investigated under visible light irradiation. And the photosensitized degradation mechanism was elaborated to demonstrate the improved photocatalytic activity of F-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. The best of photocatalytic activity of 0.12mol％ Fe³⁺ doped TiO₂ nanoparticles are attributed to the charge-transfer transition from 3d orbital of Fe³⁺ to the conduction band of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation, which can lead to effectively hpotocatalytic reaction.

The BaTiO₃, BaTi₂O₅ and BaTi₄O₉ photocatalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method calcined at 800℃. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and UV-Vis absorbance spectra. Their UVinduced photocatalytic activities were evaluated on the degradation of methyl orange at different pH values. The results show that the photocatalytic activities of BaTi_nO_2n+1 are improved as n increases from 1 to 2 and 4. The crystal packing factor (P.F.) is introduced to explain this phenomenon, in which P.F. is defined as the proportion of the total volume of all the ions in a cell to the volume of a cell. The smaller the P.F. is, the looser-packing the structure has, the better photocatalytic activity will be achieved. The experimental fact that BaTi₄O₉ has the best photocatalytic performance among the three compounds is ascribed to its highest structure-openness degree.

Nanoporous TiO₂ thick films for the photoanode of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) were prepared by integrating the “chemical dispersion method of nanoparticles” with the “doctor blade” technique. The problems concerning the preparation and storage of TiO₂ slurry in the conventional method were solved, and the better control over the microstructure of TiO₂ thick film was achieved. The crystalline structure, and morphology of the obtained film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The effects of coating time, annealing temperature, and sensitization of merbromin on the optical transmittance of TiO₂ films were examined. The prototype DSC devices were fabricated by using merbromin-sensitized TiO₂ nanoporous film as the photoanode. Results show that the novel chemical dispersion technique adopting diluted nitric acid as the dispersant and the low-polymerization PEG as the microstructure-modifier can be used to prepare TiO₂ nanoporous thick film applied in DSC. The obtained film is dense and uniform without pores, defects or delamination, and exhibits typical nanoporous feature. The coating time of slurry, the annealing temperature, and the adsorption of merbromin have significant influence on the optical transmittance of nanoporous film. The prototype DSC device sensitized by merbromin exhibits strong photovoltaic response, and the cells prepared with the photoanode by 12--15 coatings & 500℃ anneal show better performance (V_oc～430mV, I_sc～150--215μA).

High-quality Yb:YAG ceramics were successfully prepared. The grains distribute evenly and the size is about 10μm. There are no pores and impurities in or between the grains. All the elements distribute evenly in the ceramic and they are with the same content in different grains and boundries. The transmittance of 4mm thick sample reaches 80％. Their continuous output power is 268mW obtained at wavelength of 1030nm, when pumped by LD.

The synthesis of nano-sized Y_1.34Gd_0.6Eu_0.06O₃ (YGO:Eu) powder by using an AHC (ammonium hydrogen carbonate) precipitation technique was investigated. The precursor powders obtained were of crystalline and indexed to yttrium gadolinium normal carbonate. On calcination, the precursor powders were converted to crystalline yttrium gadolinium oxide at 600℃. The powder calcined at 1100℃ show better sintering behavior, mainly due to their narrowest particle size distribution and finest average particle size. Transparent YGO ceramics were prepared by sintering at 1670℃ for 2h in vacuum using the powders calcined at 1100℃. The YGO ceramics shows a high in-line transmittance of 74.6% in the visible-light region, much higher than that of transparent Y2O3 ceramics prepared by the same process.

Fabrication and characterization of a newly erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fiber applicable for 1.5μm amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source were reported. The glasses exhibit very good thermal stability (Δ T>150℃) and matchable thermal expansion coefficient. A very broad erbium amplified spontaneous emission in a range of 1450-1650nm from erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fiber is obtained upon excitation of a 980nm laser diode. Effects of the length of glass-fiber and the pumping power of laser diode on the amplified spontaneous emission are discussed. The result indicates that the tellurite glass-fiber is a promising candidate for designing fiber-ASE source.

Novel magneto-optical crystal YFeO₃ (yttrium orthoferrite) was grown by the floating zone method. The growth parameters were optimized and YFeO₃ single crystal up to 7--10mm in diameter and 60mm in length was obtained. XRD patterns show that it has orthorhombic perovskite structure with a=5.5964A, b=7.6052A, c=5.2842A. The solid-liquid interface is convex to the melt and the growth direction is close to [100] direction. No visible inclusions and grain boundaries are observed on the polished surface.

Ca²⁺ ion is a kind of common impurity in the growth process of KDP crystal. Effect of Ca²⁺ ions on the growth habit and optical properties of KDP crystals were investigated. KDP crystals were grown from a solution containing certain quantity of calcium chloride by the traditional temperature-lowering method and by the “point seed” technique, respectively. The results show that there is no obvious effect on the stability of KDP growth solution and the process of KDP growth when the Ca²⁺ concentration in the solution is very small. When the Ca²⁺ concentration is high in the solution, the stability of KDP growth solution is lowered, and inclusions in the crystal often occur on the prismatic faces of KDP crystals grown by a “point seed” technique. The ultraviolet transmittance is descended and the density of scattering particles in the crystal is increased with the Ca²⁺ concentration in the solution.

High quality Pb_1-xSr_xSe (0≤ x≤0.050) thin films were grown on BaF₂(111) substrates by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). Optical and structural properties of the Pb_1-xSr_xSe films were studied using transmission spectrum and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). HRXRD patterns indicate that Pb_1-xSr_xSe films has cubic-phase structure, with no SrSe phase separation.
The films orientation is parallel to (111) surface of substrate. The lattice constants of the Pb_1-xSr_xSe films increase with increasing Sr content. The Sr content can be obtained by using Vegard formula. Sharp absorption edges are observed in the transmission spectrum of Pb_1-xSr_xSe films. The fundamental band gap of the Pb_1-xSr_xSe films is attained by simulation. Refractive indexes and absorption coefficients near the fundamental band-gap are obtained by simulation using dielectric function model(DFM).

Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) transparent conductive films were deposited on glass substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Ga films was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the films are highly oriented with their crystallographic c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The grain size of ZnO:Ga films is strongly dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. With the oxygen partial pressure increasing, the grain size of the films increases first, reaches a maximum at 0.30Pa and then decreases. As the oxygen partial pressure increases, the resistivity of ZnO:Ga films decreases gradually, reaches a minimum at 0.30Pa and then increases. The lowest resistivity of ZnO:Ga films obtained at the oxygen partial pressure of 0.30Pa is 3.50×10^-4Ω·cm. The average transmittance of the ZnO:Ga thin films is over 90%.

By using polystyrene opal template as substrate, zinc oxide film samples were prepared by a magnetron sputtering process. The structure and optical properties of the fabricated samples were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, UV-VIS and PL spectra. The results of SEM analysis show that the PS template has a multi-layer structure consisting of periodically hexagonal array of polystyrene spheres in three dimensions and the zinc oxide film has a surface morphology arrayed by ZnO hollow hemispheres like nanobowls with high smooth and density. These imply that zinc oxide can be deposited on the template without destroying the structure of polystyrene opal template during sputtering process. Therefore the zinc oxide produced by magnetron sputtering duplicates the surface structure of the opal template. PL spectra show that the photoluminescence intensity of the composite of zinc oxide and opal template is 4--5 times stronger than that of the template removed zinc oxide film.

Stable homogeneous dispersions of carbon nanotubes were prepared by using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as dispersant. Surface chemistry of the carbon nanotube was investigated by measuring isotherm adsorption and Zeta potential. The stabilization mechanism of the carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution of surfactant CTAB was discussed. In the CTAB solutions, the Zeta-potential of carbon nanotube surface progressively increases with increasing the CTAB concentration, in which the Zeta potential of carbon nanotube changes from -29mV to 65mV. The isotherms of CTAB adsorption on carbon nanotubes indicate a two-step mechanism of adsorption, and the isotherms reach the saturation plateau at CTAB concentration of about 9×10^-4 mol·L^-1. The optimum concentration of CTAB to obtain a stable homogeneous dispersions of carbon nanotubes is about 9×10^-4 mol·tL^-1.

In order to study the influence of surface modification and other factors on the hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating of carbon nanotubes by an in situ method, the structure of HAp/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated by means of TEM, FTIR and XRD. Results show that many functional groups are produced on the surface of CNTs by the acid treatment. Using anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as dispersant, the surface properties of CNTs can be changed to yield a basic or acidic surfaces. With the addition of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ solution, HAp is deposited and successfully coated on CNTs. The results also indicate that the surface modification, proper pH and aging temperature are the key factors to obtain continuous HAP layer.

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/Mica conductice composite powder was prepared by a substrate-induced method. The mica was modified by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or polyacrylamide (PAM), and mixed with CNT suspension, then CNT adsorbed on mica surface. The resistivity (ρ) of composite powder was measured. XPS, SEM were used to characterize the obtained CNT/Mica. The results show that the resistivity is 2.0×10⁴ Ω·cm when the unmodified mica is used to prepare 1.0wt% CNT/Mica, while the resistivity can reach 86.6Ω·cm when modified mica is used. Modified mica can improve CNT adsorption and dispersion, and decrease the resistivity of CNT/Mica remarkably.

Large-scale silicon carbide nanowires were prepared by using pure silicon powder and phenolic resin, which were mixed, molded, carbonizated, and then subjected to the microwave heating with a rate of 10℃/min between 1300℃ and 1400℃ in the static argon atmosphere for 0.5--2h. The SiC nanowires were characterized by means of SEM and TEM, the composition of samples were determined through EDX. The prepared nanowires show a core-shell structure with diameters ranging from 20nm to 100 nm. The results show that liquid silicon acts as catalyst and key raw material for preparing SiC nanowires.

Single-phase monoclinic MnV₂O₆ nanoflakes were prepared by the hydrothermal process at 180℃ for 18h, using Mn(CH₃COO)₂·4H ₂O and NH₄VO₃ as starting materials, and acetic acid was used to adjust the pH value of the reaction solution. The as-prepared samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum measurements, and the component of MnV₂O₆ was confirmed. The result indicates that the products consist of a large quantity of compact accumulated nanoflakes, with average width of 0.85μm, thickness of 100nm and lengthup to 1.7μm.

3D carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (C_f/SiC) were fabricated by vapor silicon infiltration (VSI) at 1650℃. Densities of the composites with or without C/SiC interphase are about 1.85g/cm³. The characterization of the C_f/SiC composites was investigated. When C/SiC interphases exist, the carbon fibers are protected from the reaction with silicon gas and the fibers remain intact. The fiber-matrix bonding is weakened and the distinct fiber pull-outs occur in C_f/SiC composites with interphases. The composite shows non-brittle fracture behaviour and its flexure strength reaches around 239.5MPa. However, the C_f/SiC composite without interphase has very poor mechanical performance. Its flexure strength is only 67.4MPa. Results indicate that the carbon fibers are siliconized during vapor silicon infiltration without interphase. When the vapor infiltration temperature increases to 1700℃, density of C_f/SiC composites with interphase increases to 2.25g/cm³. Strength of this composite is nearly the same as that fabricated at 1650℃

The flexural properties and fracture toughness of several CVI-SiC/SiC composites with various fiber/matrix interlayers and SiC nanowires were investigated comparatively. The results indicate that interlayer is very important to the mechanical properties of the composites. A 120nm thick carbon interlayer increases both the strength
and toughness twofold. When the single carbon interlayer is replaced by a C/SiC/C tri-interlayers but with same total amount of carbon, the composite shows no significant changes of the properties. Preliminary study on the composite with SiC nanowires in the matrix shows that SiC nanowires possesses very high reinforcement efficiency, providing the composite high strength and toughness.

C/SiC composites were made of the integrity felt which was densified by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) and subsequently MSI (melt silicon infiltration) process. XRD and SEM were used to analyze the microstructure. Isothermal oxidation-weight loss and TG analysis were performed to study the oxidation kinetics and mechanism of the composites. The results show that the prepared composites are of high density, consisting of quasi-graphite C, reaction-formed SiC and free Si. The oxidation process of C/SiC composites in isothermal condition is reaction-controlled in the Ⅰstage·, diffusion and reaction co-controlled in the Ⅱand Ⅲ stages. The non-isothermal oxidation process exhibits self-catalytic characteristics. The oxidation mechanism is random nucleation, and the kinetic parameters are lgA=9.703min^-1 and E_a=182.009kJ·mol^-1. Compared with C/C composites, C/SiC composites fabricated by MSI process have inferior oxidation resistance at low temperature and higher oxidation resistance at high temperature.

Paper-based friction material reinforced by carbon fiber is a new type wet friction material for automobile transmission. Based on the same percentage of components, paper-based friction materials reinforced by carbon fiber with different porosity percentage were prepared by changing the thickness of friction materials. The porosity percentage of materials was obtained
by a liquid permeation method. The surfaces of samples were analyzed by using scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The effects of porosity percentage on wet friction performance were investigated by using an inertia friction tester machine. Experiment results show that short carbon fiber is dispersed in resin matrix uniformly, as a result, pores with different sizes are formed inthis way. With the increase of porosity percentage, the shape of friction torque curves becomes flat, and the dynamic friction coefficient tends to increase in the procession, but the trend of static friction coefficient is reversed, the wear rate is trending up.

Carbon fiber felts with different surface characteristics, stacking numbers, bulk densitywere heated by microwave irradiation to study the influence of these physical properties on microwave heating effect, analyzing the electric field distributions in the microwave oven. It indicates that carbon fiber preforms can be heated by microwave in (2450±50)MHz frequency. Furthermore, models of microwave heating were developed, and mechanisms of microwave energy loss were discussed. It is deduced that there are three kinds of heating mechanisms, which are doublet polarization, interface polarization and electrical conduction dissipation, respectively.

The gas atomized Fe-Cr-Si-Al (SMSS) alloy powder was flattened by mechanical milling, and Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁(Co₂Z) hexagonal ferrite powder was synthesized by a citrate sol-gel process, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM and XRD. Furthermore, the complex permittivity and complex permeability of SMSS /Co₂Z composites with various mass ratios were measured within 2.0--8.2 GHz. The results show that the complex permittivity and complex permeability substantially decrease with the increase of Co₂Z powder fraction in the composites. Meanwhile, the calculated reflection loss (RL) curve indicates that the matching frequency shifts to high value, and when the mass ratio of SMSS/Co₂Z is 4/1, the sample possesses a minimum RL value.

The lithium-zinc ferrite doped with Bi₂O₃ was prepared by the conventional oxide ceramic process. The effect of Bi₂O₃ on properties of lithium-zinc ferrite was investigated by means of characterizing the phase component and fracture surface micrograph by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), density by Archimedean method, and magnetic properties by B-H analyzer. The results show that Bi₂O₃ can effectively bate the volatilization of lithium, promote solid state reaction and decrease the sintering temperature, but excessive Bi₂O₃ can restrain the crystal grain growth during sintering process. An optimal amount of Bi₂O₃ is beneficial to increase the saturation magnetic induction Bs and squareness Br/Bs, and decrease the coercive force Hc of lithium-zinc ferrite.

Mn _x Zn _1-x Cu _0.2 Fe _1.8 O ₄(x=0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) nanoparticles with spinel structure were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method and annealed at 500℃ for 4h in air in order to study the structure and magnetic properties of Mn-Zn-Cu ferrite nanoparticles. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all samples are single-phase spinel structure. The particle sizes of samples with different Mn content are estimated from the X-ray spectra to be 30--40nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that most of Mn exist in Mn ³⁺ state before and after annealing, and Fe exist in Fe ^3+/2+ mixed states before annealing and in Fe ³⁺ state after annealing. The annealing leads to the increase of percentages of Mn and Fe in surface layer. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicate that the coercivities (H_C) of samples annealed at 500℃ steeply increase with increasing Mn content. The saturation magnetizations (M_S) of unannealed samples with increasing Mn content increase first and then decrease, and the samples (x=0.8) have maximal saturation magnetizations (M_S). The influence of annealing on the samples with different Mn content is different.

ZrO₂/Ni functionally graded materials was fabricated via slip-casting under a gradient magnetic field (0.5T/m), owing to their distinct difference in magnetic properties. The products were characterized by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscope, optical micrography and X-ray diffraction. It is found that components are graded distributed along the direction of magnetic field gradient, due to the distinct different magnetic forces between Ni and ZrO₂ particles. The quantitive components distribution is established among the grain size of particles, saturated magnetization and the applied magnetic field gradient.

Fe-rich and Co-rich amorphous glass-coated metal microwires with diameters in the range of 6.1--28.0μm and 14.0--35.2μm were synthesized by the Taylor-Ulitovsky method, respectively. The magnetic parameters of microwires samples with same metal core diameters, different glass coating thicknesses and same glass coating thicknesses, different metal core diameters were
analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the axial coercive fields and remnant magnetization ratios of the two types of microwires reduce with the increasing of metal core diameters, and rise with the increasing of glass coating thicknesses. The changes of radial remnant magnetization ratios of the microwires are reverse with that of the axial remnant magnetization ratios. The influences of metal core diameters and glass coating thicknesses on the magnetostatic properties of glass-coated microwires are due to the changes of the stress of metal cores via the changes of the volume fraction of the metal inner cores and metal outer shells with different magnetic domain framework.

Bi _3.15 Nd _0.85 Ti ₃ O ₁₂ (BNT) thin films with and without a TiO₂ seeding layer were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by sol-gel method at 750℃. The effect of seeding layer on structural and electrical properties of BNT thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the BNT thin film deposited directly on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate exhibits predominantly (117) and (001) orientation while the BNT thin film grow on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate with a TiO₂ seeding layer show a highly a axis orientation with the (200) strongest peak. The BNT thin film with a TiO₂ seeding layer is a more dense and homogeneous than that deposite directly on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate. The P_r and E_c values of BNT films with and without TiO₂ layer are 43.6 and 26μC/cm², and 91 and 80.5kV/cm, respectively. The fatigue test exhibits a very strong fatigue endurance up to 109 cycles for both films. The addition of TiO₂ seeding layer does not decrease the fatigue characteristic of BNT thin film. The leakage current density are generally in the order of 10^-6-10^-5 A/cm2 for both samples.

The sintering characters and phase composition of BaO-CeO₂-TiO₂ were examined with TG-DTA, SEM, EDAX and XRD. The pretreating temperature and sintering temperature were 900--1100℃ and 1250--1300℃,respectively. The results indicate that the samples Ba _6-3x Ce _8+2x Ti ₁₈ O₅₄(x=0.8) sintered at 1300℃ consist of A and B phases, whose elements molar ratio are Ce:O=1.0:1.3 and Ba:Ti:Ce: O=1.00:6.70:0.35:9.46 respectively. And the above sintered samples with permittivity of 28.72 have the highest quality factor of 4862.13GHz.

New electric molding composites were fabricated with hybridizing epoxy and β-Si₃N₄ instead of silica. The thermal conductivity of composites filled with β-Si₃N₄ was compared with that co-filled with β-Si₃N₄ and SiO₂. The results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of the composite increases obviously with the increasing of β-Si3N4 content. Thermal conductivity of β-Si₃N₄-filled composite is about 3.8 times as large as that of SiO₂-filled one when the additional volume fraction achieves to 50%. Based on the experimental results, the discussion of calculating model for predicting thermal conductivity of composites shows that Agari model is more applicable to predict the thermal conductivities of β-Si₃N₄ filled and β-Si₃N₄/SiO₂ co-filled composites. Furthermore, a common expression of Agari model for co-filled composites and its parameters are given.

Al-doped ZrO₂ films with different microstructures were deposited on Si (100) substrates by using reactive RF magnetron sputtering process with metallic Zr and Al as targets in an argon-oxygen atmosphere. The films were characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscope (AFM) to investigate variety of the thermal stability, the interfacial stability and the surface roughness of the films with different annealing temperatures. The influence of the microstructures of Al-doped ZrO₂ thin films on their electrical I-V characteristics was also discussed. The results show that the atomic content of Al in films has a significant influence on the microstructures, upon increasing the atomic content ratio of Al/Zr, the structure transition of the films is a-ZrO₂ (pure)→t-(Zr,Al)O₂ and c-(Zr,Al)O₂ (Al/Zr=1/4)→a-(Zr,Al)O₂(Al/Zr=4/5). Al-doped ZrO₂ thin films with Al/Zr atomic ratio of 4/5 has the increase in the crystallization temperature compared to a pure ZrO₂ film, so the thermal stability of the films is improved.

Using AlCl₃ as raw materials, Polyaluminum chloride(PAC)with high Al₁₃ content was prepared by electrolysis with exchanging electrodes. The synthesis mechanism of Al₁₃ in the process of electrolysis was discussed, the effects of electrolysis voltage, the original concentration of Al ³⁺, the circulation mixing rate of the electrolyte and the exchanging frequency of the electrodes on the synthesis velocity of Al₁₃, ratio of Al₁₃ in total Al(Al_T) and the electrolysis time were studied. The optimum conditions are determined: the exchanging frequency of the electrodes is once per minute, the original concentration of Al³⁺ is 0.5000mol·L^-1, the electrolysis voltage is 12V, and the circulation mixing rate of the electrolyte is 0.5L·min^-1. Under the optimal conditions, the liquid product with basicity of 82.0% and Al₁₃ polymer accounted for 91.2% of total Al is successfully prepared.

Different α-Al₂O₃ micro-powders with grain size of 0.5--3μm were coated on α-Al₂O₃substrate by the dipping process, and microfiltration membranes with different pore sizes were prepared. The thickness of all the membranes was controlled to be about 25μm. Then the membranes were modified by nano zinc oxide coating deposited by coprecipitation process with zinc nitrate and urea as starting materials. The influences of the size of α-alumina micro-powders for preparing the membranes and the concentration of zinc nitrate in the precursor of the zinc oxide coating on the water flux of the modified filtration membranes were studied. The results show that the flux of the modified membranes is increased and the amplitude of the flux increasing reaches maximum for the membrane which is made of α-alumina micro-powers with size of 0.5μm. When the concentration of zinc nitrate is 0.3mol/L, the twice coated membrane possessed the best modification effect and the amplitude of the flux increase reaches 46.4%. Furthermore, the mechanism of zinc oxide modification is discussed initially.

A well-adhered and uniform Al₂O₃/Al layer with only 0.5wt% lost after 30min vibration was formed on the 316L wire mesh surface after electrophoretic deposition and thermal treatment. The effects of concentration of additives, the way of applied voltage, temperature of thermal treatment on the binding strength of surface layer were investigated. In addition, La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ obtained from the method of co-deposition were wash-coated onto the Al₂O₃/Al-wire mesh. The wire-mesh catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results show that the La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ is combined strongly with wire mesh and only lost 5.0wt% after 30min vibration, and its BET surface area reaches 119.4m2/g when mixed with gamma-Al₂O₃. Then the wire-mesh catalysts were applied for catalytic combustion of toluene, the La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ coated onto wire mesh shows good activity, and the toluene can be cleared up at 400℃ in high space velocity and high concentration condition.

Titanium silicalite-1 molecular sieve (TS-1) was in situ synthesized on the surface of honeycomb-shaped cordierite support by a hydrothermal method. XRD, FT-IR and SEM were used to characterize the samples. The optimal process of preparing TS-1/cordierite including synthesized from cheaper preplursor was studied. Meanwhile, the effects of crystallization period and molar ratio of H₂O and SiO₂ in their mother solution on the growth of TS-1 on monolithic cordierite support were also researched experimentally. The results show that a coating of TS-1 crystals grows successfully on the surface of monolithic cordierite support pretreated with 37% hydrochloric acid for 6h, and the weight of the cordierite is increased by 10%--16%.

The in situ controlled crystallizing process of Si-Al-Zr-O(SAZ) amorphous bulk was investigated by DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The amorphous undergoes structural changes by treating at different temperatures. Phase segregation occurs at about 900℃, resulting in the formation of Si-rich and Al, Zr-rich regions. The t-ZrO2 is crystallized from the Al, Zr-rich region at 920--950℃ followed by poorly defined Al-Si spinel. With the increase of temperature up to 1000℃, mullite forms by reaction between Al-Si spinel and amorphous silica. The main crystalline phases identified are t-ZrO₂, mullite and some cristobalite with the spinel disappearing above 1000℃.

Surface-tension driven convection in BaB₂O₄ (BBO) melt was visualized by means of a high-temperature in situ observation method, and the streamlines of steady thermocapillary convection was marked in the form of an axially symmetric pattern. Based on the observation of crystal rotation, the widths of interfacial concentration, heat and momentum boundary layers were calculated respectively. The influence of thermocapillary convection on boundary layer thickness was also investigated. Results show that the concentration boundary layer is much thinner than heat and momentum boundary layers, which indicates that mass diffusion plays a dominating role for interfacial transport. additionally, the width of the boundary layer is decreased with the increasing of dimensionless Marangoni number linearly.

Hydrogen permeation ability of Ni-BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_3-δ(Ni-BCY)cermet with different Ni volume ratios were investigated at intermediate temperatures (600--750℃). The experimental results show that proton-electronic mixed conductors are formed when Ni volume ratio is up to 25%, and the hydrogen permeation rate reaches the highest when Ni volume ratio is 30%. The hydrogen permeation measurement results of Ni-BCY(40/60) cermet with different thicknesses indicate that the bulk diffusion controls hydrogen permeation when thicknesses of samples are above 0.6mm, however, as reducing sample thickness to 0.36mm or less hydrogen permeation is controlled by surface exchange process.

Using tetraethoxylsilane as precursor, ammonia as catalyst, the hydro-oleophobic antireflective coating was prepared by sol-gel process along with fluoroalkylsilane self-assembly. The properties of the coatings were characterized with spectrophotometer, scanning probe microscope, spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle measurement and oil-resistant test. The results indicate that the peak transmittance of the hydro-oleophobic coatings is 99.8%, water contact angle is 118.0°, and polydimethyl siloxane oil angle is 74.5°. The oil-resistant test shows that the oil-resistant ability of the hydro-oleophobic silica antireflective coating is considerably improved compared with that of the common silica antireflective coating.

The copper powder was ball-milled in HCl solution (pH=2) by high-energy ball milling. Both milling balls and container were made of pure copper. The weight ratio of Cu balls with in diameter of 15mm to the weight of powder was 20:1, and all milling was carried out at a speed of 300r/min. The pure copper powder was transformed to Cu₂O fundmentally after 3h ball milling while the pure Cu₂O with the diameter of 50--100nm was obtained after 70h ball milling. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mechanism of the formation of Cu2O and the effect of milling parameters on the formation of Cu2O were discussed.

Three dimensional and interconnective porous HA/PU scaffold material was prepared for tissue engineering by a gas foaming method, and its structure and composition were analyzed by XRD,IR. Glass transition temperature was measured by DSC curve. The micromorphology and pore size were observed and the pore sizes and distribution were calculated. The content of HA in PU/HA composite and mechanical performance were tested. The results indicate that porous HA/PU composite scaffold has good interconnectivity with typical pore sizes ranging from 100μm to 800μm. Its porosity can reach 78%--80%.When the content of HA in HA/PU composite is 30wt%, the mechanical strength of the HA/PU composite is 271kPa. The porous HA/PU scaffold has good elasticity which is a good potential material for soft bone repair scaffold.