Investigation of Porous Silicon/Carbon Composite as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

doi:10.15541/jim20140352

Abstract

Abstract:

3D porous silicon was synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching process using commercially available polycrystalline silicon powders. After chemical etching in optimized solution, 3D porous silicon structures with pore size of about 130 nm and specific surface area of about 4.85 m²/g was obtained. Subsequently, the 3D porous silicon powders treated with ball milling and heat carbonization processes were coated with amorphous carbon and utilized as the anode electrode material for lithium ion battery. The combination of the 3D porous structure and a carbon coating layer can accommodate large mechanical strains by providing the empty space of the pores to alleviate the volume change, and by increasing the electrical conductivity with the carbon layer. The electrodes achieve an initial charge capacity of 3345 mAh/g with coulombic efficiency of 85.8% as well as a high reversible capacity of 1645 mAh/g after 55 cycles at 0.4 A/g. And it is capable to retain a capacity of 1174 mAh/g even at 4 A/g. Thus, this work introduces a novel and easy potential industrial method for fabrication Si/C materials for high-performance lithium ion battery.

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Key words: chemical etching, porous silicon/carbon, lithium ion battery

CLC Number:

TM911
O613

HUANG Yan-Hua, HAN Xiang, CHEN Hui-Xin, CHEN Song-Yan, YANG Yong. Investigation of Porous Silicon/Carbon Composite as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(4): 351-356.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 SEM images of PS etching using different concentrations of AgNO3 solution (a) 0.02 mol/L AgNO3+2%HF; (b) 0.04 mol/L AgNO3+2%HF; (c) 0.06 mol/L AgNO3+2%HF

Fig. 2 SEM images of Ag-deposited Si (a) and chemically etched Si (b)

Fig. 3 Component and size analysis of PS particles prepared at optimum concentration (a) EDS pattern of Ag-deposited Si; (b) BJH shows the pore size distribution of PS particles; (c) XRD patterns of polycrystalline before and after metal-assisted chemical etching

Fig. 4 SEM (a, b) and TEM images (c, d) of carbon-coated porous silicon

Fig. 5 Raman spectra (a) and XRD patterns (b) of carbon- coated porous silicon

Fig. 6 Electrochemical performance of PS and PS/C electrode anode (A) Voltage profiles of PS anodes at 0.1 A/g; (B) Voltage profiles of PS/C anodes at 0.4 A/g; (C) Cycling performance of the PS/C electrode at 0.4 A/g; (D) Rate capability of PS/C electrode

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