Fe Doped Ti-MOFs for Enhanced Antibacterial Sonodynamic Therapy of Periodontitis

doi:10.15541/jim20250165

Abstract

Abstract:

Periodontitis is a clinical challenge caused by bacterial overgrowth, resulting in irreversible damage to periodontal tissue. Antibacterial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional debridement due to its excellent biocompatibility and tissue penetration capability. However, this therapy cannot cure the periodontitis solely, needing more exploration to find an effectively improved treatment. Here, Fe doped Ti based metal-organic frameworks (Fe/Ti-MOFs) were prepared to explore the relationship between Fe doping and sonoresponsive efficiency. Incorporation of Fe enabled precise modulation of the band structure and crystallinity while maintaining the lattice architecture. Results showed that Fe/Ti-MOFs exhibited enhanced hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation under ultrasonic irradiation, effectively facilitating the eradication of bacterial pathogens. Notably, the sample with a Fe/Ti molar ratio of 0.025 : 1 exhibited exceptional performance. The sonocatalytic activity was collectively influenced by bandgap engineering, Fe doping concentration and crystallinity. Moreover, Fe/Ti-MOFs exhibited no cytotoxicity toward gingival fibroblasts and maintained excellent biocompatibility, without adverse effects on tissue repair. The ultrasound responsive Fe/Ti-MOFs material developed in this study offers potential for mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotics and providing novel insights and strategies for the application of aSDT in periodontitis treatment.

Key words: antibacterial, sonodynamic therapy, periodontitis, metal organic framework, NH₂-MIL-125(Ti)

CLC Number:

R781

WANG Haoyu, KE Xue, GUAN Shiwei, QIAN Shi, LIU Xuanyong. Fe Doped Ti-MOFs for Enhanced Antibacterial Sonodynamic Therapy of Periodontitis[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(4): 527-535.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 SEM images of Ti-MOFs (a1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1) (a2), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1) (a3), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1) (a4); XRD patterns (b), FT-IR spectra (c), and N2 adsorption desorption curves (d) of samples

Fig. 2 High resolution XPS spectra of Ti2p (a1-a4) and Fe2p (b1-b4) of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)

Fig. 3 UV-Vis spectra (a), bandgap fitting (b), and photoelectric response (c) of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)

Fig. 4 MB degradation efficiencies of samples (a), absorption curves of Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1) before and after ultrasound at different powers (b), and ESR spectra of samples under ultrasound (c) Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 5 Photos of re-cultivated bacterial colonies (a) and antibacterial rates against E. coli (b), S. aureus (c) and P. gingivalis (d) of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1) before and after ultrasonic treatment US+ and US- represent under ultrasonic and non-ultrasonic conditions, respectively. Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 6 Live-dead staining images (a), cell proliferation (b), and hemolysis tests (c, d) of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1) Colorful figures are available on website

Table S1 Raw material usage in preparation process of Fe/Ti-MOFs with different Fe : Ti ratios

Sample	H₂BDC-NH₂/g	Fe(acac)₃/mg	TTIP/mL	DMF/mL	CH₃OH/mL
Ti-MOFs	2.72	0	1.15	45.0	5.00
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1)	2.72	33.1	1.15	45.0	5.00
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1)	2.72	66.1	1.15	45.0	5.00
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)	2.72	132.2	1.15	45.0	5.00

Table S2 Diffraction peak parameters of different crystal planes of Ti-MOFs and different Fe/Ti-MOFs materials

Sample		Ti-MOFs	Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1)	Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1)	Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)
(101)	Intensity	1858	1405	1123	546
(101)	FWHM/°	0.196	0.192	0.238	0.317
(100)	Intensity	483	386	382	205
(100)	FWHM/°	0.160	0.147	0.164	0.174
(001)	Intensity	1885	1340	1093	631
(001)	FWHM/°	0.208	0.215	0.303	0.543
(211)	Intensity	2171	1612	1427	865
(211)	FWHM/°	0.180	0.170	0.207	0.362

Table S3 Specific surface area and pore volume data of Ti-MOFs and different Fe/Ti-MOFs

Sample	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	S_DFT/(m²·g^-1)	V_pore/(cm³·g^-1)
Ti-MOFs	1132.08	1722.72	0.69
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1)	1134.90	1702.66	0.66
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1)	1175.66	1736.29	0.74
Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)	1033.73	1533.40	0.77

Fig. S1 (001) crystal plane of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (a) and secondary building units before (b) and after (c) Fe doping

Fig. S2 Full XPS spectra (a1-d1) and high-resolution C1s (a2-d2), N1s (a3-d3), and O1s (a4-d4) XPS spectra of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)

Fig. S3 Degradability evaluation of Ti-MOFs, Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.025 : 1), Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.05 : 1), and Fe/Ti-MOFs (0.1 : 1)

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