Fig. 1 Preparation process of core-shell xTiN@58S-20B nanoparticles CTAB: Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; TEOS: Tetraethyl orthosilicate; TBB: Tributyl borate

Fig. 2 Degradation of bioglass nanoparticles in vitro with and without laser irradiation

Fig. 3 Micrographs of xTiN@58S-20B (x=0, 0.02, 0.04) with insets showing the corresponding particle size distributions (a1, b1, c1) SEM images; (a2, b2, c2) TEM images; (a3, b3, c3) EDS spectra

Fig. 4 XRD patterns of xTiN@58S-20B (x=0, 0.02, 0.04), with gray shaded parts A, B, and C showing the glass peak areas, while b and c showing the strongest peak area of the TiN NPs

Fig. 5 Temperature rise diagrams of three samples in air with 1064 nm NIR laser at a power density of 1.0 W/cm2 for 60 s, with insets showing the infrared images correspondingly at each time point, X axial representing the radial distance extending to both sides from the sample center, and the Y axial representing the temperature

Fig. 6 Temperature changes of bioglass (a-c) Temperature changes of 58S-20B (a), 0.02TiN@58S-20B (b), 0.04TiN@58S-20B (c) irradiated by 1064 nm NIR laser at different power density (0.38, 0.42, 0.46, 0.50 W/cm2) for 3 min; (d)Temperature versus power density; (e) Heating curves of three samples under 1064 nm laser irradiation (1.0 W/cm2)

Fig. 7 pH changes and ions release of bioglass samples immersed in SBF at 37 ℃ for 7 d (a-c) pH changes within 7 d; (d-f) Ion release profiles of B, Ca, Si on the 7th day

Fig. 8 SEM images of borosilicate samples immersed in SBF for 7 d with insets showing corresponding EDS spectra (a1, b1, c1) Without NIR laser irradiation; (a2, b2, c2) With NIR laser irradiation

Fig. 9 XRD patterns of mineralization products of three samples with and without laser irradiation

Fig. 10 Cell proliferation activity and cell morphology analysis of control, 58S-20B, 0.02TiN@58S-20B, and 0.04TiN@58S-20B (a) CCK-8 analysis; (b) Fluorescent images of cell morphology. Blue indicates the cell nucleus and red indicates the cell cytoskeleton