切割方向对桦木衍生的取向微通道生物质炭锂硫电池隔膜性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20190285

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物源材料由于来源丰富、可循环使用、无污染, 并且能够实现多功能化而引起了广泛关注。本研究利用大自然中广泛分布的桦木树干为原料, 通过不同取向切割、去木质素和碳化等过程得到具有相应取向的微孔道结构的生物质炭, 并用作锂硫电池的隔层。生物质炭的比表面积为267.7 m ²/g, 有大量的微孔及介孔。测试结果表明: 沿与电极平面呈45°方向切割所得的生物质炭的电化学性能最好。在0.2C(1C=1650 mA/g)下该生物质炭隔层制备的锂硫电池初始比容量为979.4 mAh/g, 200次循环后保留有625.4 mAh/g, 每圈容量损失率仅为0.18%。该生物质炭隔层可以有效地吸附和阻挡多硫化锂, 减小充放电过程中产生的穿梭效应, 并且桦木的微通道结构和类蒸腾特性可以有效地提高电池的比容量、循环稳定性, 有利于锂硫电池的商业化应用。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 仿生, 桦木, 隔层

Abstract:

Bio-source materials have attracted wide attention due to their rich sources, recyclability, pollution-free and multi-functional properties. Herein, a lithium-sulfur battery interlayer was obtained by slicing the birch at different angles, following with the delignification and carbonization processes. Biochar containing lots of micropores and mesopores shows a specific surface area up to 267.7 m ²/g. The biochar interlayer sawing along 45° achieved the highest electrochemical performances. Based on this biochar interlayer, lithium-sulfur battery exhibits a high initial capacity of 979.4 mAh/g at 0.2C (1C=1650 mA/g) and retains a discharge specific capacity of 625.4 mAh/g after 200 cycles, which degrades only 0.18% per cycle. Furthermore, the hierarchical microchannel and transpiration of birch effectively adsorb polysulfide and reduce the shuttle effect, suggesting that it can be widely employed in commercial lithium sulfur battery.

Key words: lithium-sulfur battery, bionics, birch, interlayer

中图分类号:

TQ174

蒋浩,吴淏,侯成义,李耀刚,肖茹,张青红,王宏志. 切割方向对桦木衍生的取向微通道生物质炭锂硫电池隔膜性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(6): 717-723.

JIANG Hao,WU Hao,HOU Chengyi,LI Yaogang,XIAO Ru,ZHANG Qinghong,WANG Hongzhi. Sawing Angles on Property of Lithium-sulfur Battery Interlayer Prepared with Birch Derived Orientedly Microchannel Biochar[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(6): 717-723.

图/表 5

图1 生物质炭隔层制备示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of Li-S battery using biochar interlayer

图2 取向分别为0°(a), 30° (b), 45° (c), 60° (d)和90° (e)的生物质炭截面和相应取向(插图)的SEM照片; 去除木质素前((f)中插图)后(f)的桦木SEM照片; 45°取向的生物质炭的TEM(g)和HR-TEM(h)照片

Fig. 2 Cross-sectional and longitudinal (inserts) SEM images of the of biochar saw along varying angles: 0°(a), 30° (b), 45° (c), 60° (d), and 90° (e); SEM images of wood before (insert in (f)) and after (f) delignification; TEM (g) and HRTEM(h) images of biochar oriented at 45°

图3 45°取向的生物质炭的SEM照片(a)以及相应的碳(b)、硫(c)的元素面分布图; (d~f) 45°取向的生物质炭材料的XPS元素分析全谱(d)、C1s (e)和S2p (f)分谱图

Fig. 3 SEM image (a), corresponding C (b) and S (c) elements distribution mappings of biochar oriented at 45°, XPS spectra of biochar oriented at 45°, survey spectrum (d), C1s (e), and S2p (f)

图4 (a~c) 沿45°切割所得未处理的桦木片(a)、去木质素后的桦木片(b)和45°取向的生物质炭(c)的N2等温吸-脱附曲线; 45°取向生物质炭的孔径分布曲线((c)中插图); (d) 45°取向的生物质炭的拉曼光谱图; (e) 45°取向的生物质炭XRD图谱

Fig. 4 (a-c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of the untreated birch (a), lignin-free birch (b), biochar sawing along 45°(c) and pore size distribution curve (insert in (c)) of biochar sawing along 45°; Raman spectrum (d) and XRD pattern (e) of biochar oriented at 45°

图5 电池B(a)与电池A-45°(b)在电压窗口为1.7~2.6 V、0.1 mV/s时的循环伏安曲线; (c)不同取向的电池A和电池B循环性能对比图, 插图为电池C循环性能图; (d) 0.05C时电池A-45°的前三次充放电曲线

Fig. 5 Cyclic voltammograms of battery B (a) and battery A-45° (b) between 1.7-2.6 V at 0.1 mV/s; (c) Cycling performances of batteries A with different cutting orientation biochar interlayers and battery B with insert showing the cycling performance of battery C; (d) Charging-discharging profiles of battery A-45° at 0.05C

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