耐高温低热导Al2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能研究

doi:10.15541/jim20260036

无机材料学报

• 研究论文 •

耐高温低热导Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能研究

徐凛, 姜勇刚, 冯军宗, 胡艺洁, 冯坚

国防科技大学空天科学学院, 新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙 410073

收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-03-27
通讯作者: 姜勇刚, 副研究员. E-mail: jygemail@nudt.edu.cn
作者简介:徐凛(1986-), 男, 高级工程师. E-mail: xulin0330@126.com
基金资助:
国防科技大学自主科研基金; 湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ20045); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204403)

Preparation and Properties of High-temperature Resistance and Low Thermal Conductivity Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ Aerogel Insulation Composites

XU Lin, JIANG Yonggang, FENG Junzong, HU Yijie, FENG Jian

Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-03-27
Contact: JIANG Yonggang, associate professor. E-mail: jygemail@nudt.edu.cn
About author:XU Lin (1986-), male, senior engineer. E-mail: xulin0330@126.com
Supported by:
Innovation Research Foundation of National University of Defense Technology; Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ20045); National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2204403)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 辐射传热对Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶隔热复合材料高温隔热性能影响显著,为了降低其高温热导率,本研究采用液相先驱体引入红外遮光剂,以仲丁醇铝、正硅酸乙酯和九水合硝酸铬为前驱体,经溶胶-凝胶和乙醇超临界干燥工艺,将具有良好红外遮光功能的Cr₂O₃引入Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶隔热复合材料(ASF),制备出兼具优异耐温性能和隔热性能的Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃气凝胶隔热复合材料(ASCF)。系统研究了热处理温度对ASCF的微观结构、物相组成、热稳定性及隔热性能的影响规律。结果表明,引入Cr₂O₃后,ASCF不仅保持优异的耐温性能,还具有较低的高温热导率,其1100 ℃热导率仅为0.050 W/(m·K),较ASF(0.072 W/(m·K))大幅降低30.6%;经800~1100 ℃热处理后,ASCF高温热导率基本不衰减(1100 ℃热导率在0.052~0.055 W/(m·K)范围),表现出优异的隔热性能,在7次1000 ℃/3300 s石英灯红外辐射加热测试中,材料冷面温升曲线近似重合,实验结束时的冷面温度仅为326~358 ℃,且材料宏观形貌保持完整,无明显变形、开裂、收缩,展现出优异的可重复使用性能。本研究为气凝胶隔热复合材料的低热导率化提供了新的研究思路。

关键词: 耐高温, 隔热, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃气凝胶复合材料, 红外遮光剂

Abstract: Radiative heat transfer significantly impacts the high-temperature thermal insulation performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel composite materials. To reduce their high-temperature thermal conductivity, this study introduces an infrared opacifier via a liquid-phase precursor route. Using aluminum sec-butoxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and chromium nitrate nonahydrate as precursors, Cr₂O₃ with excellent infrared shielding capability was incorporated into Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel thermal insulation composites (ASF) through Sol-Gel method followed by ethanol supercritical drying. This approach successfully fabricated Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ aerogel thermal insulation composites (ASCF) with excellent high-temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance. The influences of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure, phase composition, thermal stability, and thermal insulation properties of ASCF were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the introduction of Cr₂O₃ enables ASCF to maintain good high-temperature resistance while achieving significantly lower high-temperature thermal conductivity. At 1100 ℃, the thermal conductivity of ASCF is only 0.050 W/(m·K), representing a substantial reduction of 30.6% compared to that of ASF (0.072 W/(m·K)). After heat treatment at 800-1100 ℃, the high-temperature thermal conductivity of ASCF remains largely stable (ranging from 0.052 to 0.055 W/(m·K) at 1100 ℃), indicating outstanding thermal insulation stability. After 7 cycles of infrared radiation heating at 1000 °C for 3300 s using a quartz lamp, the temperature rise curves on the sample's cold surface nearly overlapped. At the end of each cycle, the cold surface temperature remains within a range of 326-358 ℃. Furthermore, the sample maintains its macroscopic integrity, with no visible deformation, cracking, or shrinkage, demonstrating excellent reusability. The liquid-phase precursor approach for introducing infrared absorbers offers a novel strategy for achieving low thermal conductivity in aerogel thermal insulation composites.

Key words: high temperature resistance, thermal insulation, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ aerogel composite, infrared opacifier

中图分类号:

TU55+1.3

徐凛, 姜勇刚, 冯军宗, 胡艺洁, 冯坚. 耐高温低热导Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260036.

XU Lin, JIANG Yonggang, FENG Junzong, HU Yijie, FENG Jian. Preparation and Properties of High-temperature Resistance and Low Thermal Conductivity Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ Aerogel Insulation Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260036.

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耐高温低热导Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能研究

Preparation and Properties of High-temperature Resistance and Low Thermal Conductivity Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ Aerogel Insulation Composites

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