Preparation and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO2/NiO Composite Semiconductor Nanofibers

doi:10.15541/jim20200675

Abstract

Abstract:

SnO₂/NiO composite semiconductor nanofibers with different Sn contents were prepared by electrospinning combined with chemical precipitation and high temperature calcination. Morphology, structure and elemental content of the samples were characterized. Taking ethanol as the target gas, the gas sensing properties of SnO₂/NiO nanofibers and the influence of Sn content on the gas sensing properties of the composite nanofibers were investigated. The results show that the SnO₂/NiO composite nanofibers have a three-dimensional network structure, and the SnO₂ composite can significantly enhance gas sensing properties of NiO nanofibers. With the increase of SnO₂ content in composite fibers, the response of samples to ethanol is enhanced. Among them, the SnO₂/NiO nanofibers with the highest sensitivity show response value of 13.4 to 100×10^-6 ethanol (volume fraction) at the optimum working temperature of 160 ℃. The maximum response value of the SnO₂/NiO nanofibers exhibits 8.38 times enhancement compared to that of NiO nanofibers. Compared with comercial MQ-3, a commonly used ethanol sensor, the SnO₂/NiO composite nanofibers have lower optimal working temperature and higher response sensitivity, which shows great potential in practical application.

Key words: nickel oxide, tin dioxide, nanofibers, gas sensitivity, composite materials

CLC Number:

TQ340
TP212

CHU Yuxing, LIU Hairui, YAN Shuang. Preparation and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO₂/NiO Composite Semiconductor Nanofibers[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(9): 950-958.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Preparation mechanism diagram of SnO2/NiO NFs

Fig. 2 SEM images of (a) CNFs@Ni(OH)2 and (b) NiO NFs

Fig. 3 SEM images of (a, b) SnO2/NiO-1 NFs, (c, d) SnO2/NiO-2 NFs, (e, f) SnO2/NiO-3 NFs, and (g, h) SnO2/NiO-4 NFs

Table 1 Relative molar percentages of Ni and Sn in NiO NFs and SnO2/NiO NFs samples

Sample	Ni/%	Sn/%
NiO NFs	100	0
SnO₂/NiO-1 NFs	76.79	23.21
SnO₂/NiO-2 NFs	25.46	74.54
SnO₂/NiO-3 NFs	0.51	99.49
SnO₂/NiO-4 NFs	0.08	99.92

Fig. 4 XRD patterns of SnO2/NiO-1 NFs, SnO2/NiO-2 NFs,SnO2/NiO-3 NFs, and SnO2/NiO-4 NFs

Table 2 Respective grain size (D) and grainboundary density (δ) of SnO2/NiO NFs samples

Sample	Grain size, D/nm	Grain boundary density, $\delta $/(×10⁹, mm^-2)
SnO₂/NiO-1 NFs	11.1	8.12
SnO₂/NiO-2 NFs	7.4	18.46
SnO₂/NiO-3 NFs	6.3	25.16
SnO₂/NiO-4 NFs	6.3	25.16

Fig. 5 (a) Sensitivity curves of NiO NFs, SnO2/NiO-1 NFs, SnO2/NiO-2 NFs, SnO2/NiO-3 NFs, and SnO2/NiO-4 NFs to ethanol gas at different temperatures, and (b) response recovery curve to 100×10-6 ethanol gas (volume fraction) at the optimal working temperature

Fig. 6 Selectivity of SnO2/NiO-1 NFs, SnO2/NiO-2 NFs, SnO2/NiO-3 NFs, and SnO2/NiO-4 NFs to various target gases(100 mg/L)

Fig. 7 (a) Sensitivity curves of SnO2/NiO-3 NFs and MQ-3 to 100×10-6 ethanol gas at different working temperatures, and (b) response recovery curve to 100×10-6 ethanol gas at the optimal working temperature

Table 3 Comparison of the characteristics of some SnO2-based ethanol sensors reported in the literature with this work

Materials	Temperature/ ℃	Response/(100 mg·L^-1)	Ref.
Hierarchical SnO₂	300	24.1	[40]
ZnO-SnO₂ nanofibers	300	18.0	[41]
Horseshoe-shaped SnO₂	225	17.3	[42]
NiO-decorated SnO₂nanorods	300	30.0	[43]
SnO₂/NiO composite nanofibers	160	13.0	This work

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Preparation and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO₂/NiO Composite Semiconductor Nanofibers

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