Three kinds of bimodal mesopores silica-based nanomaterials (BMMs) with different accumulated pores structure were synthesized by tuning the stirring rate in the preparation process and then functionalized with silane coupling agent 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (NN-TES). The modified BMMs were used as ibuprofen carriers and their delivery property were studied with Korsmeyer-Peppas model. With the help of XRD, TEM, N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherms and elemental analysis, it indicated that the hydrolysis and condensation polymerization rate of TEOS would be influenced by changing the stirring rate, which resulted in the formation of three kinds of BMMs with different small pores order and large accumulated pores structure. When applying NN-TES modified BMMs as ibuprofen carriers, the ibuprofen loading amount in three different kinds of BMMs were almost the same, while the release rate had great difference from each other. These results demonstrate that the drug loading capacity was affected by the small pores of BMMs, while the large pores of BMMs would influence the drug diffusion behaviors in the mesoporous channels, leading to the increase of release rate with the increment of the large pore size.

The process parameters and raw materials of current commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machines are limited, thus the bone model is not easily to fabricate. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a self-developed rapid prototyping machine was used to produce bone model. In this work, the hydroxyapatite (HA), silica sol and suspending agent were mixed as raw materials. By adjusting the suitable process parameter, the bio-ceramic green parts could be formed, and then the specimen green parts were sintered at 1200℃, 1300℃, 1400℃, respectively. The shrinkage, surface roughness and compression strength were tested. Furthermore, the cell activities of the bone model were investigated through the osteoblast MG63 cells culture. The results showed that the green part sintered at 1200℃ exhibits optimum properties with greatly improved compression strength and surface roughness of R_a (12.04 μm), which is suitable for the growth of the osteoblast MG63.

The oxidation behavior of SiC particles in the temperature range from 1000℃ to 1200℃ was investigated. The dependence of weight gain and oxidation time was parabolic and the oxidation behavior was controlled by diffusion process, with a oxidation activation energy of 219 kJ/mol. Using oxidized SiC particles as reinforcement and aluminum alloy containing Si and Mg as matrix, a SiC_p/Al composite was fabricated by pressureless infiltration technique. The microstructure and interfacial morphology were analyzed and the pressureless infiltration mechanisms were discussed. The particles were distributed uniformly in the composite, without particles agglomeration. Interfacial reactions were found in the composite and the product was identified as MgAl₂O₄, formed by the reactions between surface oxide layer of SiC particles and Mg, Al in the matrix. The interfacial reactions enhanced the wettability and promoted the spontaneous infiltration process.

Modified small punch (MSP) tests are effective evaluation methods for mechanical properties by using small specimens. Fatigue properties of PZT ceramics under electro-mechanical coupling field and pure force field were evaluated with multi-fields coupling MSP tests. It is found that the fracture strength of the samples under electro- mechanical field would sharply decrease, compared with the samples under pure force field. Fatigue life would decrease greatly and intergranular fracture would happen easily under electro-mechanical coupling field.

Porous Ni_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ (x=0-0.8) ultrafine fibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and subsequent calcination process. The crystal structure, micromorphology, pore character and room-temperature magnetic properties of the samples were investigated by means of XRD, FTIR, FESEM, low-temperature N₂ adsorption-desorption and VSM techniques, respectively. The results show that the obtained porous Ni_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ ultrafine fibers calcined at 550℃ for 2βh are single-phase spinel structure with an average grain size of 25-30 nm. These ultrafibers have diameters in the range of 200–500βnm and a large aspect ratio. N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis indicate that the pore structure of as-prepared Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ porous fibers mainly consists of slit-like mesopores with a mean pore diameter of about 11βnm. With the increase of Zn content (x=0 to x=0.8), the lattice constant of Ni_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ ultrafine fibers increases linearly and complies well with Vegard’s law, and the infrared vibrational frequencies corresponding to tetrahedral sites shift toward lower wavenumber. The coercivity of the samples gradually decreases from 13.8βkA/m (x=0) to 2.3βkA/m (x=0.8), whereas the specific saturation magnetization increases initially, reaches a maximun value of 66.8βA·m²/kg at x=0.4 and then decreases with further increase of Zn content. It is found that the synthesized Ni-Zn ferrite untrafine fibers exhibit relatively high coercivity due to their high shape anisotropy compared with the nanoparticle counterparts with similar size. These porous Ni-Zn ferrite untrafine fibers have potential application in many fields such as sensitive devices, microwave absorbers, and catalysts.

Zn_1-xCo_xO films were deposited on Al₂O₃(001) substrates at different oxygen pressures with Zn_0.95Co_0.05O ceramic target by using pulsed laser deposition method. With X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmittance spectra, the contents of Co, Co²⁺ ions and phases in the films were quantitatively determined. The pressure dependence of Co contents in the films was given. The correlations between room-temperature magnetism and the Co, Co²⁺ ions and phases in the films are discussed quantitatively. It is found that the Co content in the film decreases with the increase of oxygen pressure during the deposition. Most of Co atoms are determined to be Co²⁺ ions entered the ZnO lattice to substitute for Zn²⁺ ions, but not being responsible for the magnetism of the films at room temperature. The metallic Co nano-clusters are detected by fine XRD analysis in the films deposited at 0.0001 Pa and 5.0 Pa, being consistent with the estimation using the room-temperature magnetism of the films. On the basis of quantitative analysis, a superparamagnetic magnetization mechanism of metallic Co nano-clusters is suggested and is compared with experimental results by quantitative calculation.

Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite inductor film was fabricated by screen print technology, and its performances were investigated. XRD results suggest that the as-prepared thin films exhibit the same crystalline structure. The results show that after introducing of ferrite film, the inductance increases by 30%, the quality factor is improved, and the resonance frequency decrease. Ferrite inductor thin films annealed at 400℃ exhibit an optimum performance with high quality at 50 MHz, inductance increased by 27%, the quality factor increased by 39%.

0.2Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-(0.8-x)PbTiO₃-xPbZrO₃ (PNN-PZT) dense piezoelectric thick films with the thickness of about 50 μm were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition(EPD) on Pt wire. Effects of different dispersants to the Zeta potential of the suspension and the microstructures of the PNN-PZT thick films were evaluated. The results shows that suspension with polyethyleneglycol 10000 is more stable than the suspension with polyethyleneglycol 6000, and the thick films deposited from suspension with polyethyleneglycol 10000 is more denser. The effects of different dispersants on the stability of the suspension and the influences of different deposition methods on the microstructures of the thick films were discussed. The result shows that dense thick films can be fabricated by stepwise deposition. The effect of different sintering temperatures to the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of PNN-PZT thick films at room temperature were investigated. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss at room temperature of the PNN-PZT thick film sintered at 1180℃ for 30 min are 988 and 3.7% respectively. The electric induced displacement (E-D) curve and hysteresis loop of the PNN-PZT thick films were measured. The effective piezoelectric constant and the residual polarization of the PNN-PZT films are 90 pm/V and 6.00 kV/cm, respectively.

High dense Li_0.05+x(Na_0.535K_0.48)_0.95NbO₃ (L_xNKN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with fine morphology were synthesised by conventional mixed-oxide method at 1000℃, and its microstructure, phase structure and electrical properties were investigated as a function of excessive Li addition. The results revealed that the excess Li content facilitated the sinterability and improved the piezoelectric properties for L_xNKN ceramics. A PPT bridging tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetry was found at x= 0.01-0.015 by using the X-ray diffraction patterns and the corresponding calculation of lattice parameters. Owing to such transitional behavior, the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃), electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_p), dielectric constant (ε_r) and remanent polarization (P_r) were enhanced to peak values, 282 pC/N, 44%, 942 and 27 μC/cm², respectively. Compared with LNKN ceramics, the variation in Curie temperature (T_c) by the compensation amount of Li was much smaller for L_xNKN ceramics. The reason is that the amount of Li that entered into crystal lattice is relatively rare for L_xNKN ceramics. The results provide a way to low-temperature sintering of LNKN-based lead-free piezoceramics with high performance.

The super-hydrophobic films on Zinc (Zn) substrate were fabricated by a simple two-step process. Firstly, nano-structured film was created to roughen Zn surface by solution oxidation process in the presence of N, N,-dimethylformamide (DMF). Resultant roughened Zn surface was then overcoated with stearic acid to achieve superhydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscope, FT-IR microscope and water contact angle measurement were performed to characterize the morphological feature, chemical composition and super-hydrophobicity of the surface. The resulting surfaces with uniform and packed nanorod structure have a water contact angle as high as about 155^o and provide effective friction-reducing and wear protection for Zn substrate, due to the combined beneficial effects of nanotexturing of DMF treatment and nanolubrication of self-assembled stearic acid overcoat.

Cu₂O, TiO₂ and composite Cu₂O/TiO₂ films were deposited on slide glass by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were applied to characterize crystal structure, morphology and composition of the films, respectively. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with Xenon lamp. XRD results show that besides the initial (111) crystal plane at sputtering time of 5 min, (110) and (220) crystal planes gradually develop on the Cu₂O film with the increase of sputtering time. Our calculation result indicates that (111) crystal plane is more beneficial to absorption of O₂ than other crystal planes. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu₂O/TiO₂ composite films first increases with increasing Cu₂O-deposited content, and then reaches the highest value when the deposited content of Cu₂O is 2.6mol%, and successively undergoes a drop. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to alleviate the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Excessive Cu₂O will prolong the time for transferring of electrons to Cu₂O/TiO₂ interface and holes to surface, which increases the recombination probability of electrons and holes, and thus reduces the quantum efficiency.

The glass cooling rate during forming process has significant effect on the crystallization behavior and structural uniformity of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (LAS) glass-ceramics. Finite element analysis indicated that the cooling rate of 10 mm thick glass was notably lower than that of 2 mm thick glass. The central temperature of LAS glass was still above 700℃ even after the sample was cooled for 15 s, which led to the formation of crystal stones in the parent glass. The microstructure of LAS glass and glass-ceramics with different thickness were analyzed using DTA, IR and SEM. Since the 8 mm thick glass cooled slowly, primary crystal nuclei were generated in the glass interior. After heat treatment, a b-spodumene phase was formed in the interior, while a b-quartz solid solution phase formed on the surface. On the contrary, primary crystal nuclei were not generated in the 3 mm thick glass due to its high cooling rate. A single and uniform b-quartz solid solution phase was found after heat treatment. Therefore, the high glass cooling rate and the temperature uniformity of glass are very important for the preparation of structurally uniform LAS glass-ceramics.

KDP crystals were grown by “point seed” rapid growth method in the presence of 1×10^-4 (mol/mol KDP) diethylene triamine penlaacetic acid (DTPA). Metastable zone width of the solutions with different saturation temperatures were extended by adding a small amount of DTPA. The influence of different concentrations of DTPA on the growth kinetics of (100) face of KDP crystal was studied by laser polarization interference technique. With the DTPA concentration increasing, the critical supersaturation (dead zone) was decreased continually, but the growth rate was firstly increased and then decreased, passing through a maximum. The UV-Vis transmission spectra and impurity content of main metal ions in the crystal were characterized as well. The results showed that the optical transmittance in the UV region was enhanced significantly and the impurity content of main metal ions in the crystal was reduced effectively by the addition of 1×10^-4 (mol/mol) DTPA.

The optical stabilities of several glasses (K9-HL glass, JGS3 silica glass, K509 glass and JGS1 silica glass) under conditions of ionizing radiation (proton flux, electron flux) were studied. Additionally, using the simulation results of space ionizing radiation by SPENVIS and CRÈME-MC, optical lives of these four glasses serving in a given orbital (perigee 350 km, apogee 425 km, orbital inclination 51.6^o) were analysed. It can be found that being used for more than 10 years in this given orbital, the optical transmission of the K9-HL glass evidently decreased, while the optical transmission of the other three glasses (JGS3 silica glass, K509 glass and JGS1 silica glass) didn’t change or changed a little and they can serve as good optical materials in the given space orbital. Because most of the space particles (ionizing radiation) can be effectively inhibited or absorbed in some penetration depth of the glass, the space ionizing radiation can only color a surface layer of the glass, as a result, an anti-radiation glass layer can be put outside the window of a long duration spacecraft in order to reduce ionizing irradiation, and the layer can be made of silica glass.

The influence of LiF as a sintering aidditive on the infrared transmissivity of magnesia alumina spinel (MgAl₂O₄; spinel, briefly) transparent ceramics was investigated. Spinel powders prepared by Sol-Gel method, were mixed with LiF of 0-2.5wt%, and then ball milled, tested by XRD for their phase compositions. Hot press (HP) or hot press combined with hot isostatic press (HP/HIP) technique was applied to sintering the powder mixtures into spinel ceramics, while HP under 32 MPa at 1550℃, and HIP under 150 MPa at 1700℃. The structures and infrared transmissions of the ceramic bodies were examined by SEM and IR spectrometer, respectively. Li contents in the spinel powder mixtures and in the resulted ceramics were detected by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. The incorporation of LiF in the starting spinel powders facilitates the growth of grains and the expulsion of pores during sintering. And it shows LiF promotes the sintering of spinel ceramics. Spinel ceramics with LiF contents of 1.0wt%-1.5wt% exhibit optimal infrared transmissivity. While excess LiF acts adversly on the optical performances of spinel ceremics due likely to its remnant or derivative in the ceramic bodies.

Nano FePO₄·xH₂O powders were synthesized by controlled crystallization method, using Fe(Ⅲ) compound as the iron source. The nano FePO₄·xH₂O powders were pretreated at 500℃ for 4?h in air to obtain nano FePO₄ precursor. Then the olivine nano LiFePO₄/C composites were obtained through carbonthermal reduction process at different temperatures. The structure, morphology, physicochemical properties and electrochemical properties of the nano FePO₄·xH₂O powder, FePO₄ precursor and LiFePO₄/C composites synthesized at different temperatures were characterized in detail by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning?electron?microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement and electrochemical measurement. The results show that the nano LiFePO₄/C composite calcined at 700℃ for 10?h has fine particle sizes of about 40-100?nm .The BET test shows that the as-prepared nano LiFePO₄/C composite has great specific surface area of 79.8 m²/g. The nano LiFePO₄/C composite cathode material can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 156.5, 134.9, 105.8, 90.3 and 80.9 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2.5-4.2?V, at rate of 0.1C, 1C, 5C, 10C and 15C respectively, which exhibits good rate performance. The nano LiFePO₄/C composite also demonstrates excellent cyclic performance.

CaZr_1-xIn_xO_3-α(x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) ceramics were synthesized by using solid state reaction method at 1400℃, and then sintered at 1550℃ for 10 h in air. The XRD results show that there exist CaZrO₃ and infinitesimal CaIn₂O₄ phases. The AC impedance spectra of the sintered CaZr_1-xIn_xO_3-α were measured in the temperature range from 600℃ to 850℃ in argon atmosphere containing water vapor. The relation between conductivity and temperature was obtained, as well as the activation energy. At 800℃, the conductivity of CaZr_1-xIn_xO_3-α is 4.64×10^-7 S/cm (x=0), 3.06×10^-4 S/cm (x=0.05), 3.89×10^-4 S/cm (x=0.1), 3.93×10^-4 S/cm (x=0.15), respectively. The results show that the conductivities of the samples improves remarkably, the activation energy decreases rapidly with In doping contents increasing. The conductivities slightly increase with the increase of In doping contents (x>0.1), they increases greatly with the increase of temperature. The relationship between In doping contents and conductivity are deduced.

Cu₇Te₄ nanomaterials with different morphologies including nanobelts with the thickness of 200 nm and the length of several microns, nanoparticles with the diameter of 10-25 nm and micro-flakes consisting of nano p-ar--ticles with the size of about 10 nm were successfully synthesized using different organic solvents (N,N-Dipropyl-am-ine, acetone and cyclohexanone) by a solvothermal process. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) were employed to characterize the as-obtained products. Furthermore, the electrical conductivities of the samples were studied between room temperature and 400℃. The results reveal that the electrical conductivity of Cu₇Te₄ nanobelts is much higher than that of the other two samples with different morphologies. The possible mechanism and the influence of various solvents on the morphology of products are also discussed.

High quality iron-based superconductors of Sm_0.85Nd_0.15FeAsO_0.85F_0.15 were reproducibly synthesized from highly reactive powders prepared by mechanical alloying method. The samples show T_c around 51 K, with an upper critical field (H_c2) up to 377 T determined from WHH formula, which is much higher than those found in the samples prepared from conventional solid state reactions (< 200 T). The high H_c2 is closely correlated with its microstructure. It is proposed that the mechanically alloyed raw materials contained high densities of lattice distortions, which were partially maintained during rapid heating and low temperature sintering, thus contributing to flux pinning in the final fine-grain ceramics.

A novel type of SiO₂@TiO₂ core-shell particles were fabricated as pigments for high-temperature thermal insulation coatings using a Sol-Gel method. TEM images of SiO₂@TiO₂ core-shell particles indicated that TiO₂ shell with a thickness about 50 nm was deposited well on the surface of SiO₂ particles. The thermal insulation properties of the products obtained were characterized by a developed apparatus in the temperature range from 1300℃ to 1500℃. The results show that, using SiO₂@TiO₂ particles as a radiant barrier, the heat flux from radiation sources is successfully reduced by about 50% and the temperature difference reaches 260℃ when radiation heater temperature is 1500℃. The effectiveness of SiO₂@TiO₂ core-shell particles on high-temperature thermal insulation is obvious. The work suggests that SiO₂@TiO₂ core-shell particles are very promising pigments for high-temperature thermal insulation coatings.