As a kind of ideal fuel for fuel cell, hydrogen must be satisfied with the enough high purity. To produce high purity hydrogen at a low cost and large scale method has become a key research focus in the industrialization of fuel-cell technology. The membrane catalytic technology with catalysis and separation dual functions has been developed in recent years, which is a good method to produce high purity hydrogen. Based on the latest developments in the membrane catalytic reaction fields, the advantages, composition and type of membrane catalytic reactor are summarized. The preparation techniques, advantages and classification of inorganic membrane materials are described. Especially, the progress and application for high purity hydrogen production are reviewed in three kinds of catalytic membrane reactors, including oxygen-permeable membrane reactor, hydrogen-permeation membrane reactor and double-membranes reactor. The existing problems of catalytic membrane and membrane catalytic reactor in the industrialization process of hydrogen production using the membrane catalytic technology are also discussed. Additionally, the prospects of membrane catalytic reactors for hydrogen production is proposed.

Based on the homogeneous coprecipitation synthesis of BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles by using urea as precipitator, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used to characterize the morphology, structure and composition of BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles precursor and BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles, respectively. Network vector analyzer was used to study the electromagnetic properties of the BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles in 2-7GHz. The results indicate that, BaTiO₃/ BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles exhibited core/shell structure. The BaFe₁₂O₁₉ shell coated on the surface of BaTiO₃ is uniform, integrate and smooth. In 2-7 GHz, the real part (ε′) and the imaginary part (ε″) of permittivity of BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles are in the range of 10.7-17.0 and 0.3-0.6, which are larger than that of BaTiO₃. The increase of permittivity is a result of enhanced interfacial polarization caused by core/shell structure. BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles exhibited magnetic properties which are not existent in BaTiO₃. BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ core/shell particles possess much larger real part (μ′) and imaginary part (μ″) of permeability than that of BaTiO₃ and shown obvious magnetic loss in 2-7 GHz, which is owed to the coating of magnetic BaFe₁₂O₁₉ shell.

The Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ nanowires with perovskite structure were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method using Bi(NO₃)₃-5H₂O, H_1.07Ti_1.73O₄-nH₂O and NaOH as the starting materials. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), respectively. The phase structure, morphology, and chemical compositions of products synthesized at 200℃ by hydrothermal process for different times were investigated and the forming mechanism of nanowires was introduced. The results indicate that H_1.07Ti_1.73O₄-nH₂O is a compound with lepidocrocite-like layered structure, and the Na⁺, Bi³⁺ ions can exchange with H₃O⁺ in the interlay space of plate-like titanates in the hydrothermal process. Then the plate-like titanates are transformed into plate-like Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ particles by in situ reaction. With the hydrothermal reaction progressing, the plate-like Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ particles split into nanowires. The nanowires are well dispersed with perovskite structure. The width of nanowire is ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm and the length is about several micrometers to tens of micrometers.

Ordered nanocrystalline mesoporous BiVO₄ with pure phase was successfully synthesized at 550℃ via nanocasting using cubic MCM-48 molecular sieves as hard template. The long-range ordered mesostructure was characterized by XRD, TEM, BET as well as UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Compared with the BiVO4 synthesized by conventional hydrothermal method, the nanocasting mesoporous BiVO4 has the average pore diameter of 16.8nm, pore volume of 0.1 cm³/g and specific surface area up to 22.9 m²/g. The structure decreases the recombination of optical excitation electrons and holes efficiently, so the mesoporous BiVO₄ has an excellent photocatalytic activity in the visible light region. As a result, the photocatalytic efficiency of mesoporous BiVO₄ for xanthate in 90min reaches 78%.

A new type of simple and monolithic large size dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) module was designed with 85% aperture ratio (ratio of active area to total area), which was much higher than that of traditional series and parallel modules. The present module reduces the transfer resistance through the electroplated nickel grid on F-doped SnO₂ (FTO) of anode as well as the nickel film on the FTO of counter electrode. The nickel grid and film are inside the cell and the separation of the cell is not required, which is useful to reduce the block part of light and beneficial to improve the harvest of light energy. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) with the active area of 510 mm2 reaches 3.00% (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm²) and the fill factor (FF) is 0.594, meanwhile the η and FF of DSC without nickel layer modification is only 0.537% and 0.251. So it is obvious that this novel designed module is very effective in the performance improvement. The underlying mechanism is understood based on the measurement of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as the quality check of nickel film by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

High quality Cr-, Fe- and Ni- doped Al₂O₃ (A:Al₂O₃) single crystals with a diameter of 6?8 mm and a length of 60-80 mm were successfully produced by the floating zone technique. The relationship between crystal quality and growth conditions was discussed, and the optimum preparation parameter was obtained. The crystals growth direction was determined as <001> by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray rocking curve of the crystal had a FWMH of 0.089o, proving excellent quality of the crystal. The as-grown crystals were characterized by polarized optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, as well as X-ray diffraction. The observed primary crystal defects were sub-angle grain boundaries, inclusions and solute trails. The absorption spectra properties and dielectric constant measurements of A:Al₂O₃ crystals and fluorescence spectra for Cr:Al₂O₃ crystals were investigated. In view of the fact that grown A:Al₂O₃ crystals show good quality, a respectively high dielectric constant e_r (12.1-15.7), low dielectric loss tan? (0.0020?0.0002), and favorable thermal stability suggests their utilization as laser matrix, dielectric material for microelectronics and substrate material.

The Nd:YAG (Nd:Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nano-powders were successfully prepared by the microwave-assisted homogeneous precipitation method. The Nd:YAG nano-powders were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The effects of humidity, temperature and aging time during the aging process on the preparation of the Nd:YAG nano-powders were discussed. The results show that the composition and morphology of the Nd:YAG precursors and Nd:YAG nano-powders are remarkably affected by the above factors. Effects of environmental humidity and temperature on the preparation of the Nd:YAG nano-powders are dependent on each other, which must be properly controlled. And the aging time can significantly affect sizes of the Nd:YAG nano-powders. Particle size of the Nd:YAG nano-powder decreases and then increases with the aging time increasing.

HfLaO films doped with different La contents, varying from 17% to 37%, were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering. The structure, thermal stability, surface morphology, and optical properties of HfLaO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and spectrophotometry. The results indicate that as-deposited HfLaO with 25%-37% La films are amorphous. With the increase of La contents, the crystallization temperature for HfLaO films is increased. The HfLaO film with 37% La remains amorphous even after annealed at 900℃. The AFM images show amorphous HfLaO films, which imply a good thermal stability have a relatively smooth surface. The average transmittance in the visible range is above 82% for all the films. The amorphous structure yields films of significantly higher transparency than the polycrystalline structure does. The refractive indices of the films are determined to be in the range 1.77-1.87. As the La concent increases the refractive indices of the films are initially increased and then decreased. The optical band gap of the HfLaO films decreases to 5.9eV (La 17%), 5.87eV(La 25%), 5.8eV(La 33%), 5.77eV(La 37%), respectively.

CuInS₂ thin films for solar cells were prepared on the glass substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Produced films were characterized by EDS, SEM, XRD, hot point probe and Hall electrical measurement. The results suggest that the composition of the films are determined and controlled by the power ratio of copper target and indium target, while the morphology of thin films depends on the composition of thin films and target power ratio. As the atomic ratio [Cu]/[In] increases, the film phases transform from the In-rich phases to CuInS₂ phases. Although increasing atomic ratio [Cu]/[In] can improve the crystalline quality of CuInS₂ thin films, high [Cu]/[In] in Cu-rich thin films will lead to the declination of crystalline quality. Cu-rich or slightly Cu-poor CuInS₂ films show P-type conducting. With the increase of the atomic ratio [Cu]/[In], the carrier concentration and the carrier mobility of CuInS₂ thin film raises, but the resistivity declines sharply. It is also found that and the carrier concentration and carrier mobility of the Cu-rich CuInS₂ films are much higher than that of Cu-poor ones.

Allopurinot intercalated Zn/Al-NO₃-LDH composite materials were prepared by coprecipitation and ion exchange methods. It was found by XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA analysis that allopurinol were intercalated into the LDH layers and formed a supramolecular structure in the reaction with laminate. The structure could improved allopurinol acid resistance and thermal stability. The allopurinol intercalated LDH preparaed by coprecipitation method has an excellent sustained-release performance. It was supposed that the intercalation capacity of organic molecules was increased by a Sol-Gel intermediate which was easy for the objects to be ion-exchanged and embedded during the organic molecules intercalating into the LDH layers by coprecipitation method.

The titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotube arrays with 100 nm diameters on titanium were fabricated by anodic oxidation. The adsorption behaviors of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibronectin (FN) onto the nanotube arrays were investigated, and then the protein releases were examined in vitro. Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and Fluorescence microscope were used to qualitative analysis for TiO₂ nanotube arrays surfaces after protein adsorption. Adsorbance of protein was detected with the method of Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. The results showed that TiO₂ nanotube arrays could obviously improve the adsorption, and the adsorption percentage of FN on samples was larger than that of BSA. The release experiment results suggested that the release behaviors of BSA and FN on the nanotube arrays involved the bust release and the gradual release, and the release mechanism was consistent with Fickian diffusion.

Continuous synthesis of NaA and Silicalite-1 submicron and nanoparticles was prepared in a capillary microchannel reactor from clear solutions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scatter(DLS) measurements were used to investigate the effects of different synthesis parameters on the particle size distribution and morphology, including reaction temperature, aging time and residence time. It was indicated that smaller mean particle size and narrower particle size distribution of the products was obtained with lower reaction temperature, longer aging time and shorter residence time during the synthesis process. At the synthesis temperature of 343K, aging time of 72h and residence time of 5.8h, the NaA zeolite crystal with mean particle size of about 100nm was prepared. And at the synthesis temperature of 371K, aging time of 24h and residence time of 10h, the Silicalite-1 zeolite crystal with mean particle size of around 80nm was obtained. The present method offers a novel route for preparing submicro and nano zeolite particles.

The interfacial performances of carbon/carbon composites in different process stages were characterized by push-out method to find the formation law of fiber-bundle/matrix interlayer in the process of carbon/carbon composites preparation. Microstructures in fiber-bundle/matrix interlayer of carbon/carbon composites obtained from different process stages were investigated through SEM, Micro-CT, XRD and Raman spectrum. Experiment results of interfacial shear strength of specimens obtained from different process stages show that, the interfacial shear strength of specimen with lower density was not clearly increased with the degree of graphitization increasing; however, the interfacial shear strength was clearly increased with the density of specimens increasing. The observation of the interfacial microstructures of the composite showed that matrix was firstly formed in intrabundles, then formed in bundle surface and interbundles. The degrees of graphitization and crystallization at surface were gradually increased with heat-treatment temperature increasing. The experiment results show that interfacial structures and performances in fiber-bundle/matrix interlayer of carbon/carbon composites gradually develop to be perfect with repeated cycles of in-ltration-carbonization-graphitization process.

SiC ceramic was joined using 22Ti-78Si (wt%) brazing alloy which was prepared by the non-consumable arc-melting technology. The effects of brazing parameters on the microstructures and the fracture morphologies of the brazed joints were investigated by SEM. The mechanical properties of the brazed joints were measured by a universal mechanical testing machine. The results show that SiC ceramic is successfully joined in a proper condition, brazing temperature of 1380-1420℃, soaking time of 5?20min and the brazing alloy thickness of 50-200μm. The maximum shear strength of the brazed joint reaches 125 MPa at brazing temperature of 1400℃, soaking time of 10min and the brazing alloy thickness of 100μm.

Li₂O·Al₂O₃·4SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ glass-ceramics were prepared with Ta₂O₅ as nucleating agent, and the phase separation and crystallization mechanism were investigated. The results show that addition of Ta₂O₅ promotes internal crystallization effectively, which result in fine-grained microstructure with dimension of 50nm. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics indicates that the crystallization activation energy decrease and crystallization index increase apparently with increasing amount of Ta₂O₅, the parameter of K(T_p) is recommended as a better crystallization criterion. It is considered that spinodal decomposition occur primarily and result in an interlocking phase separation on cooling of glass, metastable droplet phase separate by nucleation and growth mechanism upon reheating process, then, “anhedral” crystallization takes place and inherits the morphology of the original phase separation. Consequently, the crystallization model of LAST glass-ceramics is put forward successfully.

Silicate is one of the most typical materials in both traditional and modern buildings. A comparative analysis on two silicate materials (ginger nut and Aga soil) used in the ancient buildings of China was presented. The research suggests that ginger nut and Aga soil have similar chemical composition and physical properties. After they are calcined at 700-1400℃, they will have a combining characteristic of hydraulicity and nonhydraulicity. As the calcinations temperature rises, the nonhydraulic constituent is firstly increased and then decreased, and the hydraulic constituent is increasing regularly. Both chemical compositions and characteristics of the calcined ginger nut and Aga soil are similar to those of the “Hydraulic lime” in Europe. Thus the properties change of ginger nut and Aga soil can be used for repairing and reinforcing the stone, earthen, brick and ceramic relics.

The nanosized fluorhydroxyapatite (FHA) were synthesized by an aqueous precipitation method. The effects of synthesis temperature, molar ratio of NH4F to Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O in the initial reagents[n(F^–)/n(Ca²⁺)] and the pH value on the fluoride substitution were investigated. The phase composition and the change of crystal structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR). The morphology of FHA was observed by Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that crystal lattice parameters and bond energy make changes by incorporation of F– ion in the structure. The size and aspect ratio of FHA crystals increase as the precipitation temperature and fluoride concentration. The phase composition of FHA is mainly controlled by the pH value. Considering the possibility of a competition between OH^– and F^– for occupation of the OH–site, high pH value isn’t conductive to the fluoride substitution.

Eu³⁺-doped Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ phosphors were synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of Bi₄Si₃O₁₂: Eu3+. The excitation spectra of Eu3+-doped Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ show an intense broad band with maximum at 265 nm related to Eu³⁺→O^2- charge transfer transition. Photoluminescence spectra indicate that the phosphor emits strong red light centered at 614 nm under UV light excitation. Due to high emission intensity and a good excitation profile, the Eu³⁺-doped Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ phosphor may be a promising candidate in solid state lighting applications.