Thirty years ago it was discovered that bioactive glasses bond to bone. This unique material has been used
clinically for more than 15 years with many thousands of successful cases. Recent research has shown that bioactive response appears to be under genetic
control. Class A bioactive glasses that are osteoproductive enhance osteogenesis through a direct control over genes that regulate cell cycle
induction and progression. Cells that are not capable of forming new bone are eliminated from the cell population, a characteristic that is missing when
osteoblasts are exposed to bioinert or Class B bioactive materials. The biological consequence of genetic control of the cell cycle of osteoblast
progenitor cells is the rapid proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The result is rapid regeneration of bone. Understanding the
genetic basis for bioactive glasses provides an important opportunity for glass research. It should now be feasible to design a new generation of
gene-activating glasses tailored for specific patients and disease states. The new generation of gene activating glasses can also be fabricated into
bioactive resorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering of bone constructs for patients with large bone defects. If we can activate genes by use of
glasses it is certainly possible that we may one day be able to use glasses to control genes.

This paper overall and systematically reviews the research progress on the numerical simulation of transport process in the vertical Bridgman crystal growth in the last twenty years, and summarises in brief moreover. It reveals the development state by calculation technology to study crystal growth process.

This paper reviewed the recent progress on the studies of low-temperature firing in microwave dielectric ceramics.Oxides or low melting glass additions,chemical processing,and small particle sizes of the starting materials are three methods normally used to reduce the sintering temperature of dielectric ceramics. In addition, it is an effective method to develop new microwave dielectric materials with low-firing temperature.

Flier-plate Material with Graded Wave Impedance is a new kind of Functionally Graded Material (FGM), which may be applied to dynamic high-pressure physics.
By using such flier-plate material, quasi-isentropic compression to target material or projectile can be realized, and based on it hypervelocity launching of projectile
is further accomplished. As a result, extremely high pressure equivalent to nuclear explosion can be obtained in the laboratory, which offers a practical and feasible
method for the design of nuclear weapons and the researches on weapon physics.

Based on the fact that the exceptional irradiation behaviors are prominent at the top part of Y³⁺ doping PWO crystals while exposed to low dose rate γa-ray,
previous studies concluded that this phenomenon was caused by enrichment of impurities such as Na⁺, K⁺ and Si⁴⁺ whose segregation coefficient are smaller
than 1. In this paper, the relationships among annealing, optical transmission and radiation hardness of Si⁴⁺ ion contained Y³⁺: PWO crystals were
investigated. The experimental results show that the Si⁴⁺ ions do not influence optical transmission and radiation hardness of Y³⁺: PWO crystals at the concentration
involved in the study. It can be concluded that the exceptional irradiation behaviors of Y³⁺: PWO crystals do not relate to the contamination of Si⁴⁺ ion.

The spherical, solid BaTiO₃ powders with 0.5～2μm and uniform composition were prepared by the spray hydrolysis reaction method. The main factors on the preparation of solid and uniform composition powders are reaction temperature and time, and the concentration of dimethyl oxalate (DMO), which is the inter-precipitator. The optimum conditions for the preparation of ideal powders are that the reaction temperature is more than 85℃, and the time is more than 3s, and the concentration of DMO is more than 0.75 mol/L.

Nanosize polycrystalline powders of lanthanum doped barium titanate were prepared by the cosolubilized-
hydrous gel process using titanium butoxide and lanthanum acetate as well as barium acetate with 0.7mol/L total concentration of precursor. The sol was
obtained by cosolubilized hydrosis of starting materials using HOAc as medium and catalyst with pH=3.8. The wet-gel was acquired by concentrating and aging
sol at room temperature. The wet-gel to dry-gel conversion was performed at 50℃/24h in an electrical oven. The TG-DTG measurement of dry-gel
was carried out to determine the appropriate temperature range of calcination. Then a series of polycrystal powders were prepared by calcining dry-gel at different points of above temperature range. Powder samples were characterized detailedly to confirm
the phase formation, crystalline size, grain morphology, elemental composition and the fine structure by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and LRS. So that opitimizing
800℃/2h as the suitable condition for calcination of dry-gel to prepare nanosize polycrystal powders La_xBa_1-xTiO ₃(x=0.00, 005,
0.10, 0.20, 0.30).

The magnetic and chemical stability of α-Fe metal magnetic recording particles can be
modified by chemical surface coating with silane coupling agents. The results of measurements by TEM, FT-IR, TG-DSC, Mossbauer, EXAFS
and VSM etc show that a close, uniform, firm and ultrathin layer, which is benefit for the magnetic and chemical stability, can be formed by the
cross-linked chemical bond Si--O--Si. And the organic molecule has chemically bonded to the particle surface oxide layer with Si--O--Fe, which has greatly
affected the surface electronic structure and the second shell of Fe atom. However, the organic layer really does not affect the first shell of the
matrix Fe atom.

The nano carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite(CHAP) with different CO₃^2- contents (WCO₃^2-)
was prepared by a sol-gel process. DTA, TG, XRD, FTIR, TEM,dynamic absorption test and crystalline density measurement were used to study substitution
structure, phase tranversion and absorbing F- action of the CHAP. Test results indicate that the CHAP is with AB mixed-type substitution structure.
When WCO₃^2-<3.34%, RI increases and capacities absorbing F^- decrease with the increasing of CO₃^2- contents, and the CHAP has
preferentially a tendency of absorbing CO₃^2- to enter its lattice in absorbing F^- process, and a phase tranversion from the CHAP to Ca-deficient
HAP takes place at 150～776℃, then the HAP occurs dehydroxy phase tranversion at 776℃. When WCO3^2-=3.34%, RI has maximum
value, a phase tranversion from the CHAP to Ca-stoichiometric HAP takes place at 150～776℃, so the dehydroxy phase tranversion of HAP can
not occur at 776℃. When 3.34%<WCO₃^2-≤7.52%, RI decreases and capacities absorbing F^- increase with the increasing of CO₃^2- content, and the CHAP has preferentially a tendency of absorbing
F^- to enter its lattice and exchanging out CO₃^2- in absorbing F^- process, and a phase tranversion from the CHAP to Ca-surplus HAP takes place
at 150～776℃, so the dehydroxy phase tranversion of HAP can not occur at 776℃. The nano CHAP crystals have a behavior of dissolving along crystal length, and 2～3 times capacities absorbing
F^- of the pure HAP, and show an effect of dissolving-precipitating adsorption in nanoscale.

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared in non-aqueous solution. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, TG-DTA and Mossbauer techniques. Amphous ultrafine FeOOH particles can be obtained at room temperature. Different kinds of iron oxide nanoparticles can be systhesized by controlling the calcining temperature. When calcined at 300℃ for 1h, FeOOH transformed to Fe_3-xO₄, and the Fe_3-xO₄ particles size was about 30 nm. α-Fe₂O₃ can be obtained at the temperature of 450℃ for Ih and its primary particles size increased to98nm.

Oxidation and hydrolization are disadvantageous factors in producing and storing Si₃N₄ powders. But it provides a convenience in the aspect improving the compatibility between inorganic ceramic powders and organic medium. In this article, the surface characters of as-received and modified powders were compared and their effect on the selection of coupling agents was also discussed.

The non-agglomerated Bi₂O₃ whiskers with a monoclinic structure were hydrother-mally prepared by using Bi(OH)₃ and KOH. The hydrothermal reaction takes place in the ranges of 120～220℃ from 0.5 to 10h. The influences of the starting materials, reaction temperature and time on the morphologies of Bi₂O₃ whiskers were examined. The length and aspect ratio (length to diameter) of hydrothermally prepared Bi₂O₃ whiskers are in the ranges of 4～70μm and 5～16, respectively.

In this paper, nano-sized hydroxyapatite powders were prepared by a sol-gel method with Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and P₂O₅ ethanol solution as precursors. This process was simple without refluxing and the reactants were cheap compared
with other sol-gel methods. The morphology and the phase structure were studied by TEM, XRD, IR, and TG-DTA. The nano-sized HA powders with high quality were
prepared after the as-prepared powders were sintered at 500℃ for 2h. The results show that the mixture is composed of Ca (NO₃)₂, amorphous HA and
ester phosphate at 200, 300 and 400℃. The amount of HA increases while the amount of Ca(NO₃)₂ and ester phosphate decreases with the increase of
temperature. A small amount of β-Ca₂P₂O₇ and CaO is present at 300 and 400℃. This process is simple and appropriate to produce nano-sized HA powders in large quantities.

A series of (Sr, Pb)TiO₃ system dielectric ceramics with homogeneous and functionally graded compositions were fabricated by sintering process using
chemically-coprecipitated (Sr_1-xPb_x)TiO₃ nano-particles, and their compositional distribution, microstructure and dielectric property were investigated
as well. The results indicate that, the ceramics are nearly densified and their grains coarse somewhat (mean size is about 6.3μm) after sintering. There are
a small number of sealed pores in the ceramics. In homogeneous ceramics, Sr and Pb distribute evenly, while in graded ceramics Sr and Pb vary gradually. The major
phase constituent obviously transforms from cubic paraelectric phase to tetragonal ferroelectric phase after sintering, in which the ferroelectric domains exist.
The graded constitution effectively optimizes the dielectric property of (Sr, Pb)TiO₃ ceramics; the work temperature zone is broadened and the dielectric-temperature stability is improved obviously.

Cobalt was doped into the host spinel to produce cobalt-doped spinel material by a solution technique. The
end Co-doped materials have many advantages of narrowly distributed and well crystallized particles and small surface area. The determination of XRD patterns
shows that the peaks shift towards high angle and become sharp as the introduction of cobalt. The analysis of infrared (IR) spectroscopy illustrates that cobalt
doping can enhance the strength of Mn--O bonds and improve the structural stability of the materials. The presence of cobalt reduces the dissolution of
Mn into the electrolyte according to the investigation of ICP analysis results since Co-doped materials have more stable structure and smaller surface area.
Cobalt doping can enhance the bond Mn--O and weaken the bond Li--O in the spinel. As the result, the Li⁺ ion has easier diffusion in the spinel and the Co-doped
material has smaller charge-transfer resistant (R_ct). The measurement of electorchemical properties shows that the Co-doped material Li₁.₀₃Co_0.05Mn_1.92O₄
prepared in this technique has good cycling performance and high initial capacity.

The phases in different depth of a sample for pulse electric current sintering AlOOH was investigated by means
of XRD analysis. The results show that: (1) the phases in top surface are different with that in down surface which indicates that the temperature
decrease from top to down in the sample; (2) the peak of XRD in the top surface is lower than that in the next layer(0.3mm to top surface). Comparing
the results of microwave plasma bombardment and HP with pulse electric current sintering, it is found that the top surface of SPS sample has similar XRD patterns
with that of microwave plasma bombardment sample. So it is deduced that the top surface is bombarded by plasma, thus making the crystal structure distorted.
The reason for forming the heterogeneous phase in the sample was analyzed in this paper.

With the size decreasing, a ferroelectric will change from multi-domain to single-domain and then from ferroelectric to paraelectric. The size at which a ferroelectric changes from muti-domain to single-domain is called the single-domain critical size, and the size below which ferroelectricity disappears is called the ferroelectric critical size. In this work, we calculated the two critical sizes for barium titanate and lead titanate respectively. The calculated results accord with experimental.

Nano-sized SiC reinforced B₄C matrix composites were fabricated through a pyrolysis route from polycarbosilane(PCS) precursor. The microstructure and
properties of the materials, compared with the materials sintered by direct mixed powders, were investigated. It shows that, the composites fabricated via precursor
form a kind of complicated intra-intergranular structure: nano SiC within the grains of B₄C and Al₂O₃, sharp angle-layered SiC precipitating in the grain
boundaries, and SiC substructures within the grains of B₄C. The crack deflection within the crystal grains is caused by intragranular fracture, increasing the
fracture toughness significantly. The homogenization, relative density and mechanical properties of the composites fabricated by polycarbosilane precursor are higher
than those of the composites made by directly mixed powders.

The chemical composition, mineral component, the condition of occurrence of iron, IR spectroscopy, physic
properties and catalytic properties of kaolin clays in Xinjiang are presented in this paper. The study of application of Xinjiang dickite in catalyst carrier
should be lucubrated. The catalytic properties of kaolin are affected by their genesis, chemical composition, mineral component, structure of mineral and
physical properties. The study of correlation between mineralogical characteristics and catalytic properties of catalyst carrier should be
strengthened.

Nanometric TiO₂ thin films doped with Ag were prepared by the sol-gel method. The effects of Ag on the structure of TiO₂ films were systematically studied
by means of X-ray diffraction, BET nitrogen adsorption, UV-VIS-NIR transmission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity
of Ag/TiO₂ thin films was characterized and studied in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation in comparison with pure TiO₂ thin films.
The results showed that suitable amount of Ag effectively improved photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ thin films. The mechanism could be ascribed to that: (1) The
electron-hole pair separation efficiency of TiO₂ films was improved by the introduction of Ag. The concentration of photoholes at the surface of TiO₂
films increased; (2) TiO₂ particle sizes decreased while Ag was introduced, which further widened the band-gap of TiO₂ and improved its photocatalytic
redox capability; (3) The absorption of -OH and H₂O on TiO₂ films was increased, which improved the photoholes transfer efficiency and the concentration of reactive --OH group on TiO₂ thin films after UV irradiation.

In present work, the mechanical properties of Mo/PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) composites were
investigated at a temperature range from room temperature to 1573K by means of the modified small punch test (MSP) and the dependence of MSP strength for Mo/PSZ
composites on composition and microstructure was discussed in detail. It was found that the change of MSP strength with the composition at various test
temperatures was different: it took the shape of “W” at room temperature; at temperatures up to 873K and 1273K, the MSP strength approached its peak,
respectively at the compositions where the Mo phase was dispersed or both compositional phases were continuous. The results show that MSP strength
depends not only on the composition but also on the composite microstructure.

Three mixed conducting oxygen permeable membranes, i.e. SrCo_0.5FeO_3.25 (SC5FO), La_0.15Sr_0.85Ga_0.3Fe_0.7O_3-δ
(LSGFO) and Ba_0.5Sr_0.5 Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ (BSCFO) were synthesized by wet chemical methods. A comparative study about their
phase structures, phase and thermo-chemical stabilities, oxygen permeability and membrane reactor performance for partial oxidation of methane to syngas,
was made. After annealing in an Ar atmosphere at elevated temperatures, the pure cubic perovskite structure was survived for LSGFO and BSCFO,
but not for SC5FO. After H₂-TPR experiment, the original phase structures of BSCidiiFO and SC5FO were totally destroyed, but the basic
perovskite structure of LSGFO was survived. Multi H₂-TPR and re-oxidation results of BSCFO oxide demonstrated that it had excellent phase reversibilities.
The oxygen permeabilities of SC5FO and LSCFO were very low, while a permeation flux as high as 1.1 mL/cm²·min was obtained for a BSCFO membrane at
850℃, which demonstrates its promising application for oxygen separation. Leaking problem was encountered for a SC5FO membrane reactor
during POM reaction, while LSGFO and BSCFO membrane reactors were stably operated in the POM reaction. At 950℃, under POM reaction conditions,
the oxygen permeation flux of LSGFO slowly increased with time, at last (about 300h was needed), a flux about 4 [STP]mL/cm^²·min was obtained,
which was 10 to 40 times higher than that under an air/He oxygen partial pressure gradient. The oxygen permeation flux of the BSCFO membrane can
reach its steady state (850℃C, 10.45 [STP]mL/cm²·min) much quicker (about 21h). The BSCFO and LSGFO reactors were stably operated for
a long time without failure. The high POM operation stability of LSGFO is due to its high thermo-chemical stability. However, for BSCFO membrane
reactor, it is due to its high oxygen permeability and excellent phase reversibility.

The high temperature phase barium metaborate α-BaB₂O₄ single crystal with 25mm in diameter, 100mm in height was grown by the Bridgman method. The data of crystal growth was briefly introduced. The results show that there is not any scattering particle examined under He-Ne laser in the crystal. And the birefractive index of this crystal in visible spectra is about △n≈0.13. The transmittance of the crystal obtained in 200～900nm is more than 80%.

A continuously adjustable vibration amplitude was induced in glycerite water solution. Monitored by CCD, with Al tracer particles for flow visualization and velocity measurements, various resonance phenomena on the fluid surface were firstly observed. The surface streaming velocities at different resonance points were measured. The behavior of the fluid surface under a gradually increasing amplitude can be showed clearly by the experiment.

A new precursor containing a homogenous mixture of noncrystalline Al₂O₃ and carbon was prepared with aluminium nitrate, glucose and urea as raw materials, by a low-temperature combustion process. The nitridation of this precursor shows that it has a high reactivity and nitridation reaction proceeds rapidly. AlN powders with ultrafine particle sizes (～100nm) can beobtained at 1550℃ within 90min.

Nano SiC particles in diameter of about 100nm were commercially available, Cu particles were precipitated during
the disproportionation reaction process. The morphology of the mixed powders containing the nano SiC and Cu particles were observed by SEM or Auger
microprobe, in which the spherical particles dominated. EDS and AES were carried out to determine the element distribution in the local area and spot
across a single particle. The coating process of Cu on the surface of the nano SiC particles ensures the homogeneous phase-distribution between the two
different phases.

The influences of processing parameters on Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powder prepared by a molten salt method were studied. The results obtained
indicate that the powder characteristics are greatly influenced by the synthesizing temperature, type and quantity of the salts used.
In chloride salt, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ particles grow by the Ostwald ripening mechanism, their dimension increases with increasing temperatures,
showing a circular platelike morphology. The powder prepared in sulfate salt has larger particle size and more irregular platelike morphology
than that in the chloride salt. As the Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ precursor to salt ratio is less than 1, the grain size decreases with increasing
sulfate salt quantity, at the same time the particle morphology becomes more irregular. Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powder with specific particle size
and morphology can be obtained by adjusting the processing parameters.

A hercynite-free ceramic lined steel pipe was fabricated by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
gravitational-thermite process(SHS G-T Process). The sequence of some reactions which are possible to take place in the aluminothermic system
was determined by thermodynamic analysis, i.e. CrO₃>Fe₂O₃>Fe₃O₄>FeO>FeAl₂O₄>Cr₂O₃. The results show that in Fe₂O₃+Al system
CrO₃ reacts with Al in two steps. This gives the possibility of elimination of FeAl2O4 phase, which is more reactive than Cr₂O₃.

The dispersion of MoO₃ onto the surface of MCM-41 was carried out by thermally treating the mixtures of MoO₃ and MCM-41. The effect of thermal treatment
time on the spreading of MoO_₃ onto the surface of MCM-41 support was studied by XRD and LRS. The results showed that bulk MoO₃ transformed into dispersed
surface polymolybdates species gradually as prolonging the treating time. The complete dispersion of MoO₃ was attained after heating for 8h at 500℃
when m(MoO₃)/m(MCM-41) was 0.2. The structure of MCM-41 was still maintained in the process of thermal treatment. BET surface areas, pore volumes and BJH pore
sizes of the samples were not changed markedly as the increment of thermal treatment time, which indicated that MoO₃ dispersed monolayeredly on the surface of MCM-41.

This paper was devoted to the modeling of pore evolution in sintering ceramics by a two-dimensional phase-field model. A pore among four grains was considered,
and the microstructure was described by a continuous density field and a long-range orientation field(LRO). The evolution of the density was governed by Cahn-Hilliard
equation, while the orientation field by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation(TDGL). The nonlinear evolution equations were solved by a semi-implicit Fourier-spectral
scheme. The simulation results reflect the microscopic process such as grain contact, sintering neck growth and pore spheroidization. The predicted growth rate of sintering
neck and sintering rate for different ratios of grain boundary to surface mobility are consistent with the existing theoretical analysis.

The poisoning phenomenon on the surface of ITO target during DC-Magnetron sputtering process was investigated. XRD, EPMA and LECO oxygen analyzer were used to study the poisoning mechanism and the factors leading to poisoning were analyzed. The result shows that In₂O₃ is decomposed into In₂O and O₂. This reaction on the surface of ITO target is the reason causing the poisoning phenomenon.