Oxidation Behavior and Meso-macro Model of Tubular C/SiC Composites in High-temperature Environment

doi:10.15541/jim20240002

Abstract

Abstract:

Oxidation damage is one of the main factors affecting the life of C/SiC composite nozzle used in rocket engines. To accurately predict the oxidation damage of C/SiC composite nozzle, we explored the oxidation behavior of the tubular C/SiC composites which had a similar shape to nozzle. Evolution of their composition, structure, and mechanical properties was investigated at different temperatures ranging from 900 to 1300 ℃. The results showed that the tubular C/SiC composites exhibited diffusion-controlled oxidation characteristics under the high-temperature environment. Their mass and residual strength decreased as a power function with time, and decline rate was positively correlated with temperature. Moreover, based on the theory of oxidation kinetics and mass transfer, a macro-meso oxidation model was established to simulate the oxidation process of tubular C/SiC composites in high-temperature environment to timely predict the evolution of their mass and residual strength. Consequentely, all the predicted results of the model fitted well with the experimental data. Our investigation consolidate that this macro-meso oxidation model is powerfull to predict the oxidation behavior and the life-span of C/SiC composite nozzle.

Key words: C/SiC composite, high-temperature oxidation, oxidation model, life prediction

CLC Number:

TB332

QUAN Wenxin, YU Yiping, FANG Bing, LI Wei, WANG Song. Oxidation Behavior and Meso-macro Model of Tubular C/SiC Composites in High-temperature Environment[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(8): 920-928.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1 Tubular specimen of C/SiC composite

Fig. 2 Ring tensile experiment of C/SiC composite

Fig. 3 Crack healed through thermal expansion and oxidation of SiC matrix

Fig. 4 Diffusion of oxygen in SiC cracks (a) and oxidation channel of carbon fibers (b)

Fig. 5 Equivalent oxidation depth of tubular C/SiC composite

Fig. 6 Mass retention rate (a), function fitting of $ \left(1-\eta_{\mathrm{m}}\right)^{2}$ with t (b), strength retention rate (c), and function fitting of $ \left(1-\eta_{\mathrm{R}}\right)^{2}$ with t (d) for tubular C/SiC composites after high-temperature air oxidation

Fig. 7 Morphology and distributions of elements on the surface of tubular C/SiC composite

Fig. 8 Microstructures at fractures of tubular C/SiC composites after high-temperature air oxidation

Fig. 9 Microstructures at fractures of carbon fibers in tubular C/SiC composites after high-temperature air oxidation

Fig. 10 Microstructures of cross-sections of tubular C/SiC composites after high-temperature air oxidation

Fig. 11 EDS distributions of oxygen contents at cross sections of tubular C/SiC composites after 1100 ℃-1 h (a), 1300 ℃-0.5 h (b) and 1300 ℃-1 h (c) high-temperature air oxidation

Table 1 Parabolic rate constant of SiC in air oxidation

Parameter	900 ℃	1000 ℃	1100 ℃	1200 ℃	1300 ℃
B/(nm²∙min^-1)	1.05	10.29	39.48	84.84	163.17

Table 2 Parameters of oxidation for 10 h

Parameter	900 ℃	1100 ℃	1300 ℃
$ D_{\mathrm{O}_{2}}^{z} $/(m²∙s^–1)	3.18×10^-5	3.53×10^-5	3.86×10^-5
B/(nm²∙s^-1)	0.0175	0.658	2.720
Z/μm	0.0251	0.1539	0.3129
e/μm	1.980	1.835	1.658
$ R_{\mathrm{O}_{2}}^{z} $/(mol∙m^–3∙s^–1)	1.937×10^-2	1.128×10^-2	2.880×10^-1

Fig. 12 Distributions of mole fraction of oxygen (a), gradient of mole fraction (b) and mole fraction with diffusion progress (c) in microcracks of SiC matrix

Table 3 Modifying factor of equivalent oxidation depth

Modifying factor	900 ℃	1100 ℃	1300 ℃
$ \beta $	1.2×10^-5	3.1×10^-5	6.0×10^-5

Fig. 13 Predicted results of strength retention rate (a) and mass retention rate (b)

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