基于交替设计策略的多层介电/磁性纳米纤维膜吸波性能

doi:10.15541/jim20260272

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高性能吸波材料需兼具介电损耗与磁损耗特性,以实现电磁能量的高效协同耗散。然而,单一组分材料往往难以同时满足“薄、轻、宽、强”的综合性能要求,当前研究多集中于材料组分优化与微观结构调控,而对宏观结构设计的系统性探索仍显不足。鉴于此,本研究采用静电纺丝技术,以介电型碳材料(石墨烯、MXene)与磁性纳米颗粒为原料,分别制备介电型与磁性纳米纤维膜。基于多层交替结构设计策略,将上述两种纤维膜组装成复合薄膜,该薄膜表现出优异的电磁吸波性能。所构建的三层复合薄膜在匹配厚度为3.9 mm时,最小反射损耗可达-54 dB,并在4、6、8 GHz三个频点处均表现出低雷达截面散射。同时,该复合薄膜还具备良好的柔韧性、轻质化特性以及优异的隔热性能,可贴合复杂曲面,为航空航天隐身、精密电子器件及通信设备的高效、轻量化电磁波吸收提供了思路。本研究证实,多层交替结构策略可有效调控电磁波传播路径与阻抗匹配,是制备高性能微波吸收材料的有效途径之一。本文数据集可在https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.011jp中访问获取。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 多层交替结构, 阻抗匹配, 介电损耗, 磁损耗

Abstract: High-performance microwave-absorbing materials require a synergy of dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms to efficiently dissipate electromagnetic energy. However, single-component materials often fail to simultaneously meet the stringent requirements of "thin thickness, lightweight, broad bandwidth, and strong absorption." While extensive research has focused on compositional optimization and microstructural engineering, systematic exploration regarding macroscopic structural design remains relatively limited. Herein, dielectric nanofiber membranes containing carbon-based materials (graphene oxide(GO) and MXene) and magnetic nanofiber membranes incorporated with magnetic nanoparticles were individually fabricated via electrospinning. Subsequently, a multilayer alternating assembly strategy was employed to construct composite films with superior microwave absorption performance. The optimized three-layer composite film achieves a minimum reflection loss of -54 dB at a thickness of 3.9 mm, along with significantly reduced radar cross-section scattering at 4, 6, and 8 GHz. Furthermore, the composite film possesses desirable multifunctional features, including excellent flexibility, low density, and superior thermal insulation, enabling seamless conformity to complex curved surfaces. These attributes render it highly promising for lightweight and efficient electromagnetic protection in aerospace stealth technologies, precision electronics, and telecommunications. This work demonstrates that the multilayer alternating architecture effectively modulates electromagnetic wave propagation pathways and impedance matching, offering a robust design avenue for high-performance microwave absorbers.

Key words: electrospinning, multilayer alternating structure, impedance gradient design, dielectric loss, magnetic loss

中图分类号:

V259

王乐瑶, 袁野, 杨萱, 王霄寒, 贾珍, 王程浩, 吴霄, 李宜彬. 基于交替设计策略的多层介电/磁性纳米纤维膜吸波性能[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260272.

WANG Leyao, YUAN Ye, YANG Xuan, WANG Xiaohan, JIA Zhen, WANG Chenghao, WU Xiao, LI Yibin. Microwave Absorbing Properties of Multilayer Dielectric/Magnetic Nanofiber Composite Films through Alternating Design Strategy[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260272.

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