晶粒尺寸对常压固相烧结SiC陶瓷断裂强度Weibull分布的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20250209

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 217-224.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250209 CSTR: 32189.14.jim20250209

晶粒尺寸对常压固相烧结SiC陶瓷断裂强度Weibull分布的影响

曹娟¹^,²(), 吴西士¹^,³(), 刘泽华¹^,³, 裴兵兵¹^,³, 韩建燊¹^,³, 刘欢¹^,³, 杨亦天¹^,³, 吴海波¹^,³, 黄政仁¹^,³()

1.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所, 海洋关键材料全国重点实验室, 宁波 315201
2.宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院, 宁波 315211
3.宁波杭州湾新材料研究院, 宁波 315336

收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2025-07-16 网络出版日期:2025-07-16
通讯作者: 吴西士, 副研究员. E-mail: wuxishi@nimte.ac.cn;
黄政仁, 研究员. E-mail: zhrhuang@nimte.ac.cn
作者简介:曹娟(2000-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: caojuan@nimte.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706200);国家自然科学基金(U23A20563)

Influence of Grain Size on Weibull Distribution of Fracture Strength in Atmospheric-pressure Solid-phase Sintered SiC Ceramics

CAO Juan¹^,²(), WU Xishi¹^,³(), LIU Zehua¹^,³, PEI Bingbing¹^,³, HAN Jianshen¹^,³, LIU Huan¹^,³, YANG Yitian¹^,³, WU Haibo¹^,³, HUANG Zhengren¹^,³()

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
2. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3. Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo 315336, China

Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-06-27 Published:2025-07-16 Online:2025-07-16
Contact: WU Xishi, associate professor. E-mail: wuxishi@nimte.ac.cn;
HUANG Zhengren, professor. E-mail: zhrhuang@nimte.ac.cn
About author:CAO Juan (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: caojuan@nimte.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3706200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20563)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷因其优异的力学性能以及抗高温蠕变、耐酸碱腐蚀、高热导率等优良性能在半导体、核能、航空航天、海洋等领域得到广泛应用。然而, 脆性陶瓷材料的断裂强度通常表现出显著的离散性, 导致可靠性降低, 限制了其在工程结构中的应用。本研究通过调节晶粒尺寸, 提升了常压固相烧结碳化硅(SSiC)陶瓷的断裂强度可靠性。系统研究了晶粒尺寸对SSiC陶瓷力学性能、断裂强度Weibull分布以及裂纹扩展阻力曲线(R曲线)特征的影响, 深入分析了SSiC陶瓷断裂强度可靠性的调控机理。结果表明: 随着烧结温度从2100 ℃升高至2200 ℃, SSiC陶瓷平均晶粒尺寸从3.01 µm增大至8.45 µm, 晶粒尺寸分布均匀性系数从0.70减小至0.62; 同时, 随着平均晶粒尺寸从8.45 µm减小至3.01 µm, SSiC陶瓷断裂强度Weibull模数从8.5逐渐增大至12.2, 增幅达到44%, 表明晶粒细化对提高断裂强度可靠性具有积极作用。其主要原因在于高密度晶界网络通过裂纹分叉与桥接效应分散应力集中, 同时均匀的晶粒分布和较小的缺陷尺寸提升了裂纹扩展的能量阈值, 从而表现出上升的R曲线行为。本研究通过调控晶粒尺寸明显改善了SiC陶瓷的断裂强度可靠性, 有望推动SiC陶瓷材料更广泛的工程化应用。

关键词: 碳化硅陶瓷, 晶粒尺寸, 可靠性, Weibull模数, 缺陷控制

Abstract:

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have found extensive application in strategic fields, such as semiconductor technology, nuclear energy, aerospace engineering, and marine engineering, due to their remarkable properties, which encompass excellent mechanical properties, resistance to high-temperature creep, acid and alkali corrosion, and high thermal conductivity. However, the fracture strength of these brittle ceramic materials typically exhibits significant discreteness, which adversely affects reliability and limits their wider application as engineering structural materials. In this work, reliability of fracture strength in solid-state sintered silicon carbide (SSiC) ceramics was enhanced through regulation of grain size. The influence of grain size on mechanical properties, Weibull distribution of fracture strength, and crack extension resistance curve (R-curve) characteristics of SSiC ceramics was systematically evaluated. Reliability regulatory mechanism for fracture strength of SSiC ceramics was analyzed. The results indicated that, with an increase in sintering temperature from 2100 ℃ to 2200 ℃, average grain size of SSiC ceramics increased from 3.01 µm to 8.45 µm, while coefficient of grain size distribution uniformity dropped from 0.70 to 0.62. As the average grain size was reduced from 8.45 µm to 3.01 µm, Weibull modulus of fracture strength for SSiC ceramics increased gradually from 8.5 to 12.2, representing a 44% increment. This clearly indicates the positive impact of grain refinement on reliability of fracture strength. Enhancement in Weibull modulus of fracture strength as a result of grain refinement can primarily be attributed to high-density grain boundary network, which effectively mitigates stress concentration via crack bifurcation and bridging mechanisms. Additionally, uniformity of grain distribution and reduced defect size contribute to an elevated energy threshold for crack propagation, leading to an ascending R-curve behavior. This work achieves a significant improvement in the fracture strength reliability of SiC ceramics through regulating grain size, which is expected to promote the wider engineering application of SiC ceramic materials.

Key words: silicon carbide ceramic, grain size, reliability, Weibull modulus, defect control

中图分类号:

TQ174
TB321

曹娟, 吴西士, 刘泽华, 裴兵兵, 韩建燊, 刘欢, 杨亦天, 吴海波, 黄政仁. 晶粒尺寸对常压固相烧结SiC陶瓷断裂强度Weibull分布的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(2): 217-224.

CAO Juan, WU Xishi, LIU Zehua, PEI Bingbing, HAN Jianshen, LIU Huan, YANG Yitian, WU Haibo, HUANG Zhengren. Influence of Grain Size on Weibull Distribution of Fracture Strength in Atmospheric-pressure Solid-phase Sintered SiC Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(2): 217-224.

图/表 11

图1 碳化硅(a)和碳化硼(b)的SEM照片

Fig. 1 SEM images of silicon carbide (a) and boron carbide (b)

图2 不同温度烧结得到的SSiC陶瓷相对密度

Fig. 2 Relative density of SSiC ceramics sintered at different temperatures

图3 不同温度烧结得到的SSiC陶瓷抛光表面形貌

Fig. 3 Polished surface morphologies of SSiC ceramics sintered at different temperatures (a) 2000 ℃; (b) 2050 ℃; (c) 2100 ℃; (d) 2150 ℃; (e) 2200 ℃

图4 熔融NaOH腐蚀后SSiC表面形貌(a~c)及晶粒分布(d~e)

Fig. 4 (a-c) Surface morphology and (d-e) grain distribution of SSiC after molten NaOH corrosion (a, d) SSiC-2100; (b, e) SSiC-2150; (c, f) SSiC-2200

图5 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷的力学性能

Fig. 5 Mechanical properties of SSiC ceramics with different grain sizes (a) Vickers hardness; (b) Flexural strength; (c) Fracture toughness

图6 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷的断面形貌

Fig. 6 Sectional morphologies of SSiC ceramics with different grain sizes (a) SSiC-2100; (b) SSiC-2150; (c) SSiC-2200

图7 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷的断裂强度Weibull模数

Fig. 7 Weibull modulus of flexural strength of SSiC ceramics with different grain sizes

图8 文献中SiC基陶瓷材料弯曲强度及其Weibull模数与本工作对比[11-12,24 -32]

Fig. 8 Flexural strength and Weibull modulus of SiC-based ceramic materials reported in the literature versus in this work[11-12,24 -32]

图9 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷弯曲强度与压痕载荷的关系

Fig. 9 Relationship between flexural strength and indentation load of SSiC ceramics with different grain sizes

图10 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷的R曲线

Fig. 10 R-curves of SSiC ceramics with different grain sizes (a) SSiC-2100; (b) SSiC-2150; (c) SSiC-2200

图11 不同晶粒尺寸SSiC陶瓷表面压痕裂纹扩展路径

Fig. 11 Surface indentation crack propagation path of SSiC ceramics at different grain sizes (a, b) SSiC-2100; (c) SSiC-2150; (d) SSiC-2200

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晶粒尺寸对常压固相烧结SiC陶瓷断裂强度Weibull分布的影响

Influence of Grain Size on Weibull Distribution of Fracture Strength in Atmospheric-pressure Solid-phase Sintered SiC Ceramics

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