无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1470-1480.DOI: 10.15541/jim20260113

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

硼酸辅助构筑多酸/乳糖衍生缺陷多孔碳及其高效微波吸收

石金钊1(), 朱美玲1, 郑琦1,2(), 王连军1,2(), 江莞1   

  1. 1 东华大学 材料科学与工程学院, 先进纤维材料全国重点实验室, 上海 201620
    2 东华大学 先进玻璃制造技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-13 修回日期:2026-04-12 出版日期:2026-10-20 网络出版日期:2026-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 郑 琦, 教授. E-mail: qi.zheng@dhu.edu.cn;
    王连军, 教授. E-mail: wanglj@dhu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:石金钊(1999-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 2230364@mail.dhu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52372040);国家自然科学基金(52572068)

Boric Acid-assisted Construction of Polyoxometalate/Lactose-derived Defective Porous Carbon for Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption

SHI Jinzhao1(), ZHU Meiling1, ZHENG Qi1,2(), WANG Lianjun1,2(), JIANG Wan1   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2 Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glass Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2026-03-13 Revised:2026-04-12 Published:2026-10-20 Online:2026-05-08
  • Contact: ZHENG Qi, professor. E-mail: qi.zheng@dhu.edu.cn;
    WANG Lianjun, professor. E-mail: wanglj@dhu.edu.cn
  • About author:SHI Jinzhao (1999-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 2230364@mail.dhu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372040);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52572068)

摘要:

开发兼具轻质、宽频与强吸收特性的微波吸收材料, 对于复杂电磁环境下的防护具有重要意义。本研究以天然乳糖为碳源, 设计了一系列组分可调的多酸衍生金属钨酸盐与钨氧化物及多孔碳复合材料(WX@LC, X=Mn, Fe, Co)。实验采用乳糖为碳源, 以缺位多酸(SiW9)配位组装的过渡金属取代多酸(W18X)作为无机前驱体, 将其与硼酸充分混合辅助造孔后, 通过一步空气热解策略成功合成了该复合材料。微观结构分析表明, 纯碳基底仅具备由硼酸辅助造孔促成的高度互连的三维多孔导电网络; 引入多酸前驱体后, WX@LC复合材料内部精准构筑了高浓度氧空位以及晶体与无定形碳的异质界面。此外, 在Mn掺杂的WM@LC样品中观测到了MnWO4与WO2.83的双相异质界面。这种WM@LC独有的多重异质结构网络诱发了极强的界面极化, 同时保持了适度电导损耗, 有效优化了阻抗匹配。吸波性能测试结果表明, WM@LC展现出最优的吸波性能, 在15%(质量分数)填充量下, 匹配厚度为4.11 mm时, 最低反射损耗(RLmin)达-73.13 dB; 匹配厚度为2.18 mm时, 最大有效吸收带宽(EABmax)达6.64 GHz, 完全覆盖Ku波段。本研究为碳基吸波材料的微观结构设计提供了一种有效途径, 并为多酸衍生物在电磁防护领域的应用提供了可靠参考。

关键词: 多金属氧酸盐, 微波吸收, 生物衍生碳, 异质界面

Abstract:

Developing lightweight, broadband, and highly efficient microwave absorption materials is of great significance for electromagnetic protection in complex environments. In this study, a series of composition-tunable composites (WX@LC, X = Mn, Fe, Co) consisting of polyoxometalate (POM)-derived metal tungstate, tungsten oxide, and porous carbon were designed. Using lactose as the carbon source and transition metal-substituted POMs as inorganic precursors, the composites were successfully synthesized via a facile one-step air pyrolysis strategy with boric acid as a pore-forming agent. Microstructural analysis reveals that introducing the POM precursor precisely constructs a high concentration of oxygen vacancies and rich heterogeneous interfaces within the highly interconnected 3D porous carbon network. Furthermore, a dual-phase heterogeneous interface between MnWO4 and WO2.83 is exclusively observed in the Mn-doped WM@LC sample. This unique multiple heterogeneous structure induces strong interfacial polarization while maintaining moderate conduction loss, which effectively optimizes impedance matching. Electromagnetic measurements demonstrate that WM@LC exhibits optimal microwave absorption performance. At a low filler loading of 15% (in mass), it achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -73.13 dB at a thickness of 4.11 mm, and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 6.64 GHz at 2.18 mm, fully covering the Ku band. This work offers an effective pathway for designing the microstructure of carbon-based microwave absorbers and provides a reliable reference for applying POM derivatives in electromagnetic protection.

Key words: polyoxometalate, microwave absorption, bio-derived carbon, heterointerface

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