硼酸辅助构筑多酸/乳糖衍生缺陷多孔碳及其高效微波吸收

doi:10.15541/jim20260113

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开发兼具轻质、宽频与强吸收特性的微波吸收材料,对于复杂电磁环境下的防护具有重要意义。本研究以天然乳糖为碳源,设计了一系列组分可调的多酸衍生金属钨酸盐与钨氧化物及多孔碳复合材料(WX@LC, X=Mn, Fe, Co)。实验采用乳糖为碳源,以缺位多酸(SiW₉)配位组装的过渡金属取代多酸(W₁₈X)作为无机前驱体,将其与硼酸充分混合辅助造孔后,通过一步空气热解策略成功合成了该复合材料。微观结构分析表明,纯碳基底仅具备由硼酸辅助造孔促成的高度互连的三维多孔导电网络;引入多酸前驱体后,WX@LC复合材料内部精准构筑了高浓度氧空位以及晶体与无定形碳的异质界面。此外,在Mn掺杂的WM@LC样品中观测到了MnWO₄与WO_2.83的双相异质界面。这种WM@LC独有的多重异质结构网络诱发了极强的界面极化,同时保持了适度电导损耗,有效优化了阻抗匹配。吸波性能测试结果表明,WM@LC展现出最优的吸波性能,在15%(质量分数)填充量下,匹配厚度为4.11 mm时,最低反射损耗(RL_min)达-73.13 dB; 匹配厚度为2.17 mm时,最大有效吸收带宽(EAB_max)达6.64 GHz,完全覆盖Ku波段。本研究为碳基吸波材料的微观结构设计提供了一种有效途径,并为多酸衍生物在电磁防护领域的应用提供了可靠参考。

关键词: 多金属氧酸盐, 微波吸收, 生物衍生碳, 异质界面

Abstract: Developing lightweight, broadband, and highly efficient microwave absorption materials is of great significance for electromagnetic protection in complex environments. In this study, a series of composition-tunable composites (WX@LC, X = Mn, Fe, Co) consisting of polyoxometalate (POM)-derived metal tungstate, tungsten oxide, and porous carbon were designed. Using lactose as the carbon source and transition metal-substituted POMs as inorganic precursors, the composites were successfully synthesized via a facile one-step air pyrolysis strategy with boric acid as a pore-forming agent. Microstructural analysis reveals that introducing the POM precursor precisely constructs a high concentration of oxygen vacancies and rich heterogeneous interfaces within the highly interconnected 3D porous carbon network. Furthermore, a dual-phase heterogeneous interface between MnWO₄ and WO_2.83 is exclusively observed in the Mn-doped WM@LC sample. This unique multiple heterogeneous structure induces strong interfacial polarization while maintaining moderate conduction loss, which effectively optimizes impedance matching. Electromagnetic measurements demonstrate that WM@LC exhibits optimal microwave absorption performance. At a low filler loading of 15%(in mass), it achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -73.13 dB at a thickness of 4.11 mm, and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 6.64 GHz at 2.17 mm, fully covering the Ku band. This work offers an effective pathway for designing the microstructure of carbon-based microwave absorbers and providing a reliable reference for applying POM derivatives in electromagnetic protection.

Key words: polyoxometalates, microwave absorption, bio-derived carbon, heterointerface

中图分类号:

TB34

石金钊, 朱美玲, 郑琦, 王连军, 江莞. 硼酸辅助构筑多酸/乳糖衍生缺陷多孔碳及其高效微波吸收[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260113.

SHI Jinzhao, ZHU Meiling, ZHENG Qi, WANG Lianjun, JIANG Wan. Boric Acid-Assisted Construction of Polyoxometalate/Lactose-Derived Defective Porous Carbon for Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260113.

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