石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究

doi:10.15541/jim20150043

无机材料学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 757-762.DOI: 10.15541/jim20150043 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20150043

石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究

易上琪, 刘洪波, 夏笑虹, 黄桂荣, 马倩, 陈玉喜

(湖南大学材料科学与工程学院, 喷射沉积技术及应用湖南省重点实验室, 长沙410082)

收稿日期:2015-01-18 修回日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-07-20 网络出版日期:2015-06-25
作者简介:易上琪(1990–), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 262550627@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51402101, 51472083);湖南省自然科学基金基金(14JJ3059);湖南大学“青年教师成长计划”(531107040185)

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Graphene/Carbon Aerogels

YI Shang-Qi, LIU Hong-Bo, XIA Xiao-Hong, HUANG Gui-Rong, MA Qian, CHEN Yu-Xi

(Hanan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application, College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

Received:2015-01-18 Revised:2015-03-25 Published:2015-07-20 Online:2015-06-25
About author:YI Shang-Qi. E-mail: 262550627@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51402101, 51472083);Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(14JJ3059);Growth Scheme for Young Teachers of Hunan University(531107040185)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为炭前驱体原料, 通过溶胶-凝胶法制备石墨烯/炭气凝胶复合材料。采用XRD、Raman、SEM和N₂吸附/脱附等对样品进行结构表征。结果表明: 石墨烯为R和F的聚合提供形核场所, R和F首先在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面聚合, 随着RF含量的增加, 复合炭气凝胶(RF)结构从石墨烯薄片层为骨架的三维网络, 经RF基炭球包裹于石墨烯的网络结构, 最终转变为球形团簇交联的三维网络。石墨烯/炭气凝胶复合材料的比表面积随着RF的增加先增大后减小。当GO与RF质量比为1︰100时, GO/RF-100用作超级电容器电极材料, 在6 mol/L KOH电解液中的比电容达169 F/g, 具有较好的电容特性。

关键词: 氧化石墨烯, 炭气凝胶, 孔结构, 电容性能

Abstract:

Graphene/carbon aerogels (RF) were prepared via a Sol-Gel process in graphene oxide (GO) solution using resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) as carbon precursor. The structure, morphology and pore-size distribution of the samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectrum, SEM and N₂ adsorption desorption method. The results indicate that graphene can act as nucleation and growth sites for carbon aerogels. At low mass loading level of RF, a macroporous structure is formed, and the structure of carbon aerogels originates from sheet-structure of GO precursor. With increasing the mass of RF, RF carbon aerogel results in dispersed and thickened carbon platelets. At high mass loading levels, carbon spheres are obtained. Meanwhile, with increasing the mass of RF, the specific surface area of the aerogel increases firstly and then decreases, reaching the maximum value of 841 m²/g when w(GO)/w(RF)=1︰50. Electrochemical measurements show that GO/RF-100 has the highest specific capacitance of 169 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolytes.

Key words: graphene oxide, carbon aerogel, pore structure, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

TQ152

易上琪, 刘洪波, 夏笑虹, 黄桂荣, 马倩, 陈玉喜. 石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(7): 757-762.

YI Shang-Qi, LIU Hong-Bo, XIA Xiao-Hong, HUANG Gui-Rong, MA Qian, CHEN Yu-Xi. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Graphene/Carbon Aerogels[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(7): 757-762.

图/表 10

图1 C-GO、RF和GO/RF-100的XRD图谱

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of C-GO, RF and GO/RF-100

图2 C-GO、RF和GO/RF-100的拉曼光谱

Fig. 2 Raman spectra of C-GO, RF and GO/RF-100

图3 C-GO(a)和RF(b)的SEM照片

Fig. 3 SEM images of C-GO(a) and RF(b)

图4 石墨烯/炭气凝胶的SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM images of graphene/carbon aerogels (a) GO/RF-10; (b) GO/RF-50; (c) GO/RF-100; (d) GO/RF-150

图5 GO/RF-10的TEM照片

Fig. 5 TEM images of GO/RF-10

表1 石墨烯/炭气凝胶的孔结构参数

Table 1 Pore structure parameters of graphene/carbon aerogels

Samples	S_BET/ (m²·g^-1)	V_tot/ (cm³·g^-1)	S_mic/ (m²·g^-1)	V_mic/ (cm³·g^-1)	(V_meso/V_tot)/%	D/nm
C-GO	79	0.12	53	0.05	58.3	6.30
GO/RF-10	303	0.61	62	0.03	95.1	7.99
GO/RF-50	841	0.46	705	0.31	32.6	2.20
GO/RF-100	791	0.46	656	0.29	37.0	2.34
GO/RF-150	777	1.42	460	0.20	85.9	7.30
RF	766	0.83	436	0.19	77.1	4.36

图6 石墨烯/炭气凝胶的N2吸脱附曲线

Fig. 6 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of graphene/caron aerogels

图7 石墨烯/炭气凝胶的DFT孔径分布

Fig. 7 DFT pore size distribution of graphene/carbon aerogels

图8 RF和GO/RF-100在5A/g时的充放电曲线

Fig. 8 Charge-discharge curves of RF and GO/RF-100

图9 石墨烯/炭气凝胶比电容随扫描速率的变化关系

Fig. 9 Specific capacitance at various scan rate of capacitors made from graphene/carbon aerogels

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石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Graphene/Carbon Aerogels

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