Preparation and Performance of Black Liquor Lignin Basic Activated Woodceramics Doped Ni

doi:10.15541/jim20180098

Abstract

Abstract:

Ni doping woodceramics were prepared from papermaking black liquor lignin and NiCl₂·6H₂O, which sintered at 1200℃ and then activated with KOH. The Ni doping activated graphite woodceramics presents 3-D net structure with foam formation. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, specific surface area tester, and electrochemical workstation were employed to characterize the samples. The results show that Ni constructs the framework of woodceramics, and catalyzes graphitization of amorphous carbon. The sample displays obvious graphitization tendency, and graphene lamellar structure is found. The lattice spacing is close to the lattice parameter of ideal graphite. Meanwhile, activating treatment can effectively form hierarchical porous and increase the quantity of micropores and ultramicropore. The pore diameter mainly concentrats at 3.60 nm, and the specific surface area increases from 359 m²·g^-1 to 856 m²·g^-1, as the sample activated at 800℃ for 3 h. Additionally, activation improves the electrochemical performance of Ni doping woodceramics, whose specific capacitance is 153.8 F·g^-1 at 20 mV·s^-1scanning rate, 2.2 times higher than that of non-activated sample.

Key words: activated woodceramics, Ni doping, preparation method, property characterization

CLC Number:

TQ138

YU Xian-Chun, SUN De-Lin, JI Xiao-Qin. Preparation and Performance of Black Liquor Lignin Basic Activated Woodceramics Doped Ni[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(12): 1289-1296.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Graphitization mechanism of AGWC

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of AGWC and NAWC

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of AGWC and NAWC

Table 1 Peak positions, intensities and R values of AGWC and NAWC

	Peak position/cm^-1		Intensity/cnt
	D-band	G-band	D-band	G-band
AGWC	1357.71	1581.58	1482.59	1258.97	1.28
NAWC	1354.15	1587.92	759.12	718.03	1.77

Fig. 4 SEM images of AGWC (a, b), NAWC (c) and ordinary woodceramics (d)

Fig. 5 TEM images of AGWC(a) Graphene sheets in AGWC; (b) Crystal structure and lattice spacing size of AGWC with inset showing partial enlarged image

Fig. 6 Adsorption-desorption and pore diameter-volume curves of AGWC and NAWC(a) Adsorption-desorption curves; (b) Pore volume-diameter curves (BJH method) with inset showing its curves of micropore and ultramicropore (HK method)

Table 2 Pore structure parameter of NAWC and AGWC

	Specific surface area (BET method)/(m²·g^-1)	Pore diameter /nm		Total pore volume /(mL·g^-1)	Average pore diameter/nm
NAWC	359.068	HK method	0.648	0.1780	1.981
NAWC	359.068	BJH method	3.040	0.1780	1.981
AGWC	856.126	HK method	0.643	0.5417	2.531
AGWC	856.126	BJH method	3.070	0.5417	2.531

Fig. 7 Electrochemical performance curves of AGWC(a) CV curves of AGWC; (b) GCD curves of AGWC; (c) Nyquist curves of AGWC with inset showing its local magnification; (d) Specific capacitances of AGWC with different scanning rate

Fig. 8 CV and GCD curves of AGWC and NAWC(a) CV curves of AGWC and NAWC; (b) GCD curves of AGWC and NAWC with inset showing the single curve fo NAWC 0.5 A/g

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