ZIF-L Derived Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanosheets/Carbon Cloth Self-supported Electrode for Lithium-selenium Battery

doi:10.15541/jim20240027

Abstract

Abstract:

Selenium (Se) is considered as a new generation energy storage material of lithium-selenium (Li-Se) battery due to its high volume specific capacity (3253 mAh·cm^-3) and high electronic conductivity (1×10^-5 S·m^-1). To address the problems of volume expansion, fast capacity decay, and low utilization of active materials during its charging-discharging process, a ZIF-L derived nitrogen-doped nanosheets/selenium (Se@NC/CC) flexible self-supported composite electrode is designed in this study for lithium-selenium battery by growing two-dimensional zinc-based metallic organic framework (ZIF-L) on carbon cloth (CC). The rich microporous structure in the nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets can effectively alleviate the volume expansion during the reaction process, and the doping of heteroatoms N helps to adsorb Li₂Se and reduce the loss of active substances. In particular, it is found that there is strong chemical bonding between Se and C in the Se@NC/CC electrode, which also helps to reduce the loss of active materials and improve the performance. Electrochemical results show that the initial discharge specific capacity of the Se@NC/CC electrode is 574 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5C (1.0C=675 mAh·g^-1), demonstrating a high initial discharge specific capacity. At a current density of 2.0C, the initial discharge specific capacity is 453.3 mAh·g^-1, which maintains at 406.2 mAh·g^-1 after cycling for 500 cycles and it also displays excellent rate performance compared to literature. Such a flexible self-supported selenium cathode designed in this study provides a new research route on the design of selenium host materials for advanced alkali metal-selenium batteries.

Key words: lithium-selenium battery, carbon cloth, self-supporting, ZIF-L, carbon nanosheet

CLC Number:

TQ174

XUN Daoxiang, LUO Xuwei, ZHOU Mingran, HE Jiale, RAN Maojin, HU Zhiyi, LI Yu. ZIF-L Derived Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanosheets/Carbon Cloth Self-supported Electrode for Lithium-selenium Battery[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(9): 1013-1021.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Schematic of the synthesis of Se@NC/CC and SEM images of each sample (a) Schematic of the synthesis of Se@NC/CC; (b-g) SEM images of (b) ZIF-L/CC, (c) NC/CC, (d) Se@NC/CC, (e) CC, (f) PCC, and (g) Se@PCC; (h-k) EDX mappings of Se@PCC

Fig. 2 XRD, Raman and thermogravimetric profiles of each sample (a) XRD patterns of the precursors ZIF-L and ZIF-L/CC; (b) XRD patterns of NC/CC and PCC before and after selenium filling; (c) Raman spectra of Se@NC/CC and Se@PCC; (d) TG curves of Se@NC/CC and Se@PCC

Fig. 3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution of each sample (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of NC/CC and Se@NC/CC and corresponding (b) pore size distribution; (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of PCC and Se@PCC and corresponding (d) pore size distribution

Fig. 4 TEM images of Se@NC/CC (a) TEM image of Se@NC/CC; (b) High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image of Se@NC/CC; (c-f) EDX mappings of C, N, and Se in Se@NC/CC

Fig. 5 XPS patterns of two electrodes (a) Total, and (b-d) high-resolution (b) C1s, (c) Se3d and (d) N1s XPS spectra of Se@NC/CC composites; (e, f) High-resolution (e) C1s and (f) Se3d XPS spectra of of Se@PCC composites

Fig. 6 Electrochemical performances of two electrodes (a, b) CV curves, (c) EIS profiles, (d, e) charge-discharge curves and (f) rate performance of (a, d) Se@NC/CC and (b, e) Se@PCC

Fig. 7 Cycling performance of Se@NC/CC and Se@PCC electrodes at (a) 0.5C, (b) 1.0C and (c) 2.0C

Fig. 8 SEM images of Se@NC/CC electrode after cycling and corresponding mechanism diagram (a) Typical SEM image of the Se@NC/CC electrode after 100 cycles at 0.5C; (b) Typical SEM enlarged image of the Se@NC/CC electrode after 100 cycles at 0.5C; (c) Microscopic mechanism of the Se@NC/CC electrode

Table 1 Comparison of electrochemical properties of selenium-carbon composites

Host material	Current density	Cycle number	Reversible capacity/ (mAh·g^-1)	Ref.
Se@NC/CC	0.5C	100	516	This work
Se@NC/CC	2.0C	500	406.2	This work
NiS₂-HPC/Se	0.5C	200	533	[37]
Se@NMC-Co	0.2C	100	419	[38]
Se@S-NOHPC	0.2C	200	367	[39]
ZnCo-NC/Se	2.0C	1000	428	[40]
Ni-NC/Se	2.0C	500	301	[20]

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