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基于Zn2+/NH4+电解质调控的电致变色器件性能研究

李飞1, 严东东1, 白玉婷1, 刘昱麟1, 侯敏娜1, 贾素萍1, 刘磊1   

  1. 1.中北大学 能源与动力工程学院,太原 030051
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-23 修回日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 刘 磊, 副教授. E-mail: liulei91@nuc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李 飞(2000-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: lf785612@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52403220); 山西省科技合作交流专项 (202404041101044)

Performance of Electrochromic Devices Regulated by Zn2+/NH4+ Electrolyte

LI Fei1, YAN Dongdong1, BAI Yuting1, LIU Yulin1, HOU Minna1, JIA Suping1, LIU Lei1   

  1. 1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
  • Received:2026-06-23 Revised:2026-08-07
  • Contact: LIU Lei, associate professor. E-mail: liulei91@nuc.edu.cn
  • About author:LI Fei (2000-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: lf785612@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (52403220); Shanxi Province Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Program (202404041101044)

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摘要： 水系锌离子电致变色器件(Zn-ions Electrochromic devices, ZECDs)兼具水系电解质的高安全性与高离子电导率,在智能窗及智能显示等领域具有广阔的应用前景。现阶段,研究者主要基于单一锌盐水溶液电解质来构筑ZECDs,但锌金属电极在单一锌盐水溶液电解质中易发生析氢和枝晶生长等副反应,导致器件循环稳定性不佳。为此,本研究构筑了一种Zn2+/NH4+混合电解质体系,并成功设计了Nb18W16O93/混合电解质/Zn结构的ZECDs。采用电化学-光谱原位测试等方法对该器件的电化学与电致变色性能进行研究。测试分析结果表明：Nb18W16O93薄膜采用三电极体系在三种电解质中的长循环稳定性优异,具有良好的结构稳定性。相较于单一电解质体系,器件在Zn2+/NH4+混合电解质体系中具有更出色的电致变色性能,其在630 nm处的光学调制幅度最大可达68%。该器件在经历1200圈循环后,其容量仍保持初始容量的82.3%,光调制幅度仍能保持初始值的69.7%。混合体系中,Zn2+凭借高电荷密度特性实现高光调制,NH4+依靠独特氢键网络优化溶剂化结构,Zn2+/NH4+协同作用不仅能稳定电极结构而且能抑制锌电极表面的枝晶生长,实现器件电致变色及电化学性能的有效提升。本研究证实Zn2+/NH4+混合电解质体系可有效提升ZECDs的电化学活性与循环稳定性,这为高性能水系锌离子电致变色器件的设计构筑及性能优化提供实验依据与研究思路。

关键词: 电致变色器件, Nb18W16O93, 混合电解质

Abstract: Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic devices (Zn-ions Electrochromic devices, ZECDs) combine the high safety and high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes, and they have broad application prospects in smart windows and smart displays. At this stage, researchers mainly use a single zinc salt aqueous solution as the electrolyte to build ZECDs. But zinc metal electrodes in a single zinc salt aqueous electrolyte easily undergo side reactions like hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth, which leads to poor cycling stability of the device. For this, this study developed a Zn2+/NH4+ mixed electrolyte system and successfully designed and built ZECDs with a Nb18W16O93/mixed electrolyte/Zn structure. We studied the device’s electrochemical and electrochromic performance using methods like electrochemical-spectroscopic in situ testing. Test analysis results show that Nb18W16O93 films have excellent long-term cycling stability in three electrolytes using a three-electrode system and good structural stability. Compared to a single electrolyte system, devices show better electrochromic performance in a Zn2+/NH4+ mixed electrolyte system. The optical modulation at 630 nm can reach up to 68%. After 1200 cycles, the device still retains 82.3% of its initial capacity, with the light modulation still holding at 69.7% of its original value. In the mixed system, Zn2+ achieves high light modulation due to its high charge density, while NH4+ optimizes the solvation structure through its unique hydrogen bond network. The synergy between Zn2+ and NH4+ not only stabilizes the electrode structure but also suppresses dendrite growth on the zinc electrode, effectively improving the device's electrochromic and electrochemical performance. This study confirms that the Zn2+/NH4+ mixed electrolyte system can effectively enhance the electrochemical activity and cycling stability of ZECDs, providing experimental support and research ideas for designing and optimizing high-performance aqueous zinc-based electrochromic devices.

Key words: electrochromic device, Nb18W16O93, mix electrolyte

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