热交换坩埚下降法制备大尺寸氟化铈晶体的热场设计与优化

doi:10.15541/jim20220485

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 288-295.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220485 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20220485

所属专题：【信息功能】大尺寸功能晶体(202409)

热交换坩埚下降法制备大尺寸氟化铈晶体的热场设计与优化

穆宏赫¹(), 王鹏飞¹(), 施宇峰¹, 张中晗¹(), 武安华¹^,², 苏良碧¹^,²

1.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 透明光功能无机材料重点实验室, 上海 201899
2.中国科学院大学材料科学与光电工程中心, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-08-15 修回日期:2022-09-08 出版日期:2023-03-20 网络出版日期:2022-11-20
通讯作者: 王鹏飞, 助理研究员. Email: wangpengfei@mail.sic.ac.cn;
张中晗, 副研究员. E-mail: zhangzhonghan@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:穆宏赫(1997-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: muhonghe@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3602503);上海市科学技术委员会项目(2051107400);上海市科学技术委员会项目(20520750200);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-024);中国科学院一带一路国际合作项目(121631KYSB20200039);中国电子科技集团第九研究所对外开放项目(2022SK-013)

Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization

MU Honghe¹(), WANG Pengfei¹(), SHI Yufeng¹, ZHANG Zhonghan¹(), WU Anhua¹^,², SU Liangbi¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Transparent Opto-fuctional Inorganic Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-08-15 Revised:2022-09-08 Published:2023-03-20 Online:2022-11-20
Contact: WANG Pengfei, lecturer. E-mail: wangpengfei@mail.sic.ac.cn;
ZHANG Zhonghan, associate professor. E-mail: zhangzhonghan@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:About author: MU Honghe (1997-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: muhonghe@mails.ucas.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3602503);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(2051107400);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20520750200);CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-024);International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121631KYSB20200039);Open Project of the 9th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation(2022SK-013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着CeF₃晶体在激光和磁光领域应用的持续发展, 大尺寸、高光学质量的CeF₃单晶的需求日益急迫, 而CeF₃熔体的高黏度和低热导率的特性给晶体生长工艺带来了较大挑战。为研究CeF₃熔体低导热性引发的生长问题, 探究其生长过程中炉体结构和工艺参数对温度分布和结晶界面的影响机制, 本工作对热交换坩埚下降法(Heat Exchanger-Bridgman method, HEB)生长大尺寸(ϕ80 mm)CeF₃晶体中炉体结构与晶体/熔体温度分布关系、不同生长阶段界面的变化规律以及热场结构对生长界面的作用机制开展了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：当发热体长度与坩埚长度相适应时，更有利于构建合理的温度梯度场, 而放肩和等径生长阶段的凹界面问题则可以通过改变隔板形状和加反射屏调节坩埚壁温度分布得到有效解决。本研究成果不仅可以加深对CeF₃晶体结晶习性的理解, 炉体结构和生长界面的优化思路对坩埚下降法制备其他晶体同样有实际指导意义。

关键词: CeF₃晶体, 热交换坩埚下降法, 数值模拟, 固液界面, 热场优化

Abstract:

With the continuous development of CeF₃ crystals in laser and magneto-optical applications, the demand for CeF₃ single crystals with large size and high optical quality has become increasingly urgent, while the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity of CeF₃ melt always bring challenges to crystal growth process. In order to study the growth problem caused by low thermal conductivity of CeF₃ melt, the influence mechanism of the furnace structure and process parameters on temperature distribution and crystallographic interface during the growth process was explored. In this work, numerical simulations about the growth of large size CeF₃ crystal (ϕ80 mm) through the heat exchanger-Bridgman method were carried out to analyze the relationship between furnace structure and crystal/melt temperature distribution, the variation of interface shape in different growth stages, and the mechanism of thermal field structure on the growth interface. Results show that when the length of the heating element matches the length of the crucible, it is more conducive to construct a reasonable temperature gradient field. The unfavorable concave interface during the “shouldering” and “cylindering” growth stages can be effectively improved by adjusting temperature distribution on the ampoule wall through changing the baffle shape and adding a reflective screen. Therefore, the result not only deepens understanding of the crystallization habit of CeF₃ crystals, but also enlightens the furnace and growth interface optimization of other crystals’ Bridgman growth.

Key words: CeF₃ crystal, heat exchanger-Bridgman method, numerical simulation, solid-liquid interface, thermal field optimization

中图分类号:

TQ174

穆宏赫, 王鹏飞, 施宇峰, 张中晗, 武安华, 苏良碧. 热交换坩埚下降法制备大尺寸氟化铈晶体的热场设计与优化[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(3): 288-295.

MU Honghe, WANG Pengfei, SHI Yufeng, ZHANG Zhonghan, WU Anhua, SU Liangbi. Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 288-295.

图/表 9

图1 炉体结构物理模型

Fig. 1 Physical models of the furnace (a) Bridgeman ; (b) Grids

表1 材料热物性参数

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of materials

Physical properties	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	Density/(kg·m^-3)	Heat capacity/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	Emissivity	Absorption coefficient
Vacuum	2.4×10^-4	2.9×10^-3	150	-	-
Molybdenum	163.7-0.062T+9.72×10^-6T²	10200	250.78	0.4	-
Graphite	exp(-5.7×10^-4T+4.5)	1950	710	0.8	-
Stainless Steel	9.2+0.0175T-2×10^-6T²	7930	500	0.66	-
CeF₃ melt	0.5	3200	1470.8	-	900
CeF₃ crystal	1.72	5800	1064.52+0.198T+9.29×10^-5T²	-	10

图2 CeF3晶体籽晶未熔化状态

Fig. 2 Unmelted seed crystal of CeF3 crystal

图3 不同长度发热体对应的坩埚内部温度分布

Fig. 3 Internal temperature distribution of the crucible corresponding to the heating elements of different lengths (a) Specific location schematic; (b) Longitudinal temperature at the central axis; (c) Radial temperature at the bottom of the crucible; (d) Longitudinal temperature gradient at the central axis; Colorful figures are available on website

图4 不同宽度隔板对应的坩埚内部温度分布

Fig. 4 Temperature distributions inside the crucible corresponding to the partitions of different widths (a) Longitudinal temperature at the central axis; (b) Radial temperature at the bottom of the crucible; Colorful figures are available on website

图5 不同生长阶段的温场分布(左)和流场分布及界面形状(右)

Fig. 5 Thermal field distribution (left) and flow field distribution, interface shape (right) at different growth stages (a) Seeding stage; (b) Beginning of shouldering stage; (c) End of shouldering stage; (d) Cylinder stage

图6 从放肩延伸到等径末端的多晶的照片

Fig. 6 Pictures of polycrystalline extending from shouldering stage to the end of cylinder stage

图7 放肩阶段温场分布(左)和界面形状(右)

Fig. 7 Thermal field distribution (left) and interface shape (right) in the shouldering stage (a) Original separator; (b) Trapezoidal separator

图8 等径阶段温场分布(左)和界面形状(右)

Fig. 8 Thermal field distribution (left) and interface shape (right) in the cylinder stage (a) Original partition without reflective screen; (b) Reflective screen without partition

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热交换坩埚下降法制备大尺寸氟化铈晶体的热场设计与优化

Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization

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热交换坩埚下降法制备大尺寸氟化铈晶体的热场设计与优化

Large-size CeF3 Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization

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Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization