空间环境下纤维织物绝热材料隔热性能评价与仿真验证

doi:10.15541/jim20190110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以天宫二号空间材料炉多层隔热系统中纤维织物绝热材料为研究对象, 采用空间环境等效试验条件表征研究了织物有效导热系数随在轨温度和压强的变化, 结合微观传热机理对结果进行了分析, 根据表征结果对不同工况下炉内温度场进行了模拟。结果表明: 纤维织物有效导热系数随温度升高非线性增大, 压强越低, 增长越平缓; 随压强降低以指数函数趋势衰减且存在临界压强; 辐射与气相导热是影响空间环境下纤维织物传热性能的主要因素; 炉内温场计算值与匹配实验实测温度整体趋势吻合良好, 炉中心温度最大计算误差为实测温度的 1.3%。该方法更合理地评价了多层纤维材料在使用工况下的绝热性能, 从而有助于建立准确度更高的热仿真模型。

关键词: 空间微重力环境, 纤维织物绝热材料, 有效导热系数, 稳态热流计法, 温场仿真

Abstract:

Equivalent experimental conditions to those in space were used to characterize the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber fabric insulation used in the multilayer insulation system of the material preparation furnace loaded on Tiangong-2 Space Station. By evaluating the material following variations in the on-orbit temperature and on-track pressure, the microscopic heat transfer mechanism was studied. The furnace internal temperature field under different working conditions was also simulated according to the characterization results, and the data reliability was verified. The results showed that the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber fabric increases non-linearly with rising temperature; moreover, with lower pressures, the growth trends are gentler. With a pressure drop, the results present the trend of a decaying exponential function with a critical pressure value. Radiation and gas phase heat conduction are the main factors affecting the heat transfer of the fiber fabric under the microgravity environment. Simulation results of the temperature field demonstrate that the temperature field distribution trend matches well with that of the measured results. The maximum calculation error of the furnace center is 1.3% of the measured temperature. This method can be used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of the multilayer fiber material close to the practical working conditions more reasonably, and also to improve the accuracy of thermal simulation prediction models.

Key words: space microgravity environment, fiber fabric insulation material, effective thermal conductivity, steady-state heat flow meter method, temperature field simulation

中图分类号:

O482

雒彩云, 杨莉萍, 陶冶, 钟秋, 李会东. 空间环境下纤维织物绝热材料隔热性能评价与仿真验证[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(11): 1238-1244.

LUO Cai-Yun, YANG Li-Ping, TAO Ye, ZHONG Qiu, LI Hui-Dong. Evaluation and Simulation Verification of Thermal Insulation Property of Fiber Fabric Materials in Space Environment[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(11): 1238-1244.

图/表 10

Fig. 1 SEM image showing the surface morphology of the fiber fabric

Fig. 2 Application of fiber fabric in the space material furnace

Fig. 3 Principle of steady-state heat flow meter test

Fig. 4 Vacuum heat flow meter with the high-temperature thermal conductivity instrument

Fig. 5 Effective thermal conductivity changes with different temperatures

Fig. 6 Effective thermal conductivity changes with different pressures

Fig. 7 SEM image showing the fiber filament morphology

Fig. 8 Calculation cross section of the temperature field in the material preparation furnace

Table 1 Key parameters for the simulation calculations

Parameters	Condition 1	Condition 2
Pressure	101 kPa	3 kPa
Ambient temperature outside the furnace	18.5 ℃	21 ℃
Emissivity	0.98 (W·m^-2·sr^-1)
Convective heat transfer coefficient (outside the furnace shell)	3.8 (W·m^-2·K)
Heating power × time	97 W × 6 h

Fig. 9 Comparison of the calculated data for the temperature field with the test data (a) 101 kPa-ground; (b) 3 kPa-ground

参考文献 19

[1]	CHEN YAN, BAO YEFENG, LI XIAOYA , et al. Space growth of bismuth telluride based thermoelectric semiconductive crystals. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2016,36(4):413-419.
[2]	FENG SHAOBO, LUO XINGHONG . Dendrite growth of SRR99 nickel-base single crystal superalloy under microgravity condition formed by long drop tube. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2012,36(3):341-346.
[3]	ZOU XIA, LI GUORONG, TAN YUANQIANG , et al. Discrete element method modeling of the influence of gravity during functional ceramics material compaction process. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2010,25(10):1071-1075.
[4]	ZHOU YANFEI, TANG LIANAN, AI FEI , et al. Crystal growth of bismuth silicon oxide(BSO) in space. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2003, 18(1):211-214.
[5]	PEREZ-GRANDE I, RIVAS D, DE PABLO V . A global thermal analysis of multizone resistance furnaces with specular and diffuse samples. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2002,246(1):37-54.
[6]	WANG G H, ZHANG F, SUN X K , et al. Optimized design of multilayer thermal insulations for hypersonic vehicles. Key Engineering Materials, 2016,697:449-452.
[7]	JI T, ZHANG R, SUNDEN B , et al. Investigation on thermal performance of high temperature multilayer insulations for hypersonic vehicles under aerodynamic heating condition. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014,70(1):957-965.
[8]	KAMRAN DARYABEIGI . Effective Thermal Conductivity of High Temperature Insulations for Reusable Launch Vehicles. NASA/TM-1999-208972, 1999: 1-30.
[9]	MACHADO, ARAUJO H . Modeling heat transfer with micro- scale natural convection in fibrous insulation. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2014,36(4):847-857.
[10]	KWON J S, JANG C H, JUNG H , et al. Effective thermal conductivity of various filling materials for vacuum insulation panels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009,52(23/24):5525-5532.
[11]	HUANG C, ZHANG Y . Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2014,27(4):791-796.
[12]	GRINCHUK P S . Contact heat conductivity under conditions of high-temperature heat transfer in fibrous heat-insulating materials. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 2014,87(2):481-488.
[13]	XI TONG-GENG . Thermophysical of Inorganic Materials. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishs. 1981: 123-156.
[14]	Thermal insulation-determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties-heat flow meter apparatus. GB/T 10295- 2008.
[15]	XIN CHUNSUO, HE XIAOWA . Research of improving surface temperature uniformity of low thermal conductance materials. Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement, 2013,33(06):31-35.
[16]	CUNNINGTON G R, MILLER S D, DARYABEIGI K . Heat transfer in high-temperature multilayer insulation. Thermal Protection Systems & Hot Structures, 2006,631(631):43.
[17]	SPINNLERM, WINTER E R F, VISKANTA R . Studies on high- temperature multilayer thermal insulations. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004,47(6):1305-1312.
[18]	HUAI XIULAN, WANG WEIWEI, LI ZHIGANG . Analysis of the effective thermal conductivity of fractal porous media. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007,27(17/18):2815-2821.
[19]	KAN ANKANG, ZHANG TINGTING, LOU HAIJUN . Fractal study of effective thermal conductivity of fiber glass materials. Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science And Technology, 2013,33(7):654-660.