膜蒸馏海水淡化用疏水性钇稳定氧化锆中空纤维膜的制备与表征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2013.12322

无机材料学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 393-397.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1077.2013.12322 CSTR: 32189.14.SP.J.1077.2013.12322

膜蒸馏海水淡化用疏水性钇稳定氧化锆中空纤维膜的制备与表征

尚双银, 方宏, 任春雷, 杨萍华, 陈初升

(中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系, 中国科学院能量转换材料重点实验室, 合肥 230026)

收稿日期:2012-05-16 修回日期:2012-06-21 出版日期:2013-04-10 网络出版日期:2013-03-20
作者简介:尚双银(1984–), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: ssyin@mail.ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(50972138) National Natural Science Foundation of China (50972138)

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Porous Yttria-stabilized Zirconia Hollow Fiber for Water Desalination

SHANG Shuang-Yin, FANG Hong, REN Chun-Lei, YANG Ping-Hua, CHEN Chu-Sheng

(CAS Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China)

Received:2012-05-16 Revised:2012-06-21 Published:2013-04-10 Online:2013-03-20
About author:SHANG Shuang-Yin. E-mail: ssyin@mail.ustc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用相转化/高温烧结技术方法制备了多孔钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)中空纤维膜, 中空纤维膜的外径1.92 mm, 壁厚为0.21 mm。SEM分析表明: 纤维膜为典型的三明治结构, 靠近膜内外表面为指状孔, 中间区域为海绵状层。采用阿基米德法测得其孔隙率为54%。用泡点法测得其平均孔径为0.56 μm。通过表面接枝氟硅烷将其亲水性的表面改变为疏水性。真空式膜蒸馏实验表明YSZ中空纤维膜具有优异的盐水淡化性能。当膜的外侧与温度为80℃、浓度为4wt%的循环盐水接触, 膜的内侧用真空泵抽至4×10³Pa时, 膜的水渗透通量高达48.3 L/(m²•h), 脱盐率大于99.7%。

关键词: 钇稳定氧化锆, 中空纤维膜, 微观形貌, 真空式膜蒸馏

Abstract:

Porous yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hollow fibers with an outer diameter of 1.92 mm, membrane thickness of 0.21 mm were prepared by a combined technique of phase inversion and sintering. The hollow fiber possessed a sandwich structure with long-finger like voids near the inner and outer walls and a thin porous sponge-like layer in the center. The porosity and average pore size of the YSZ hollow fiber were determined to be 54% and 0.56 μm, respectively. The surface of the hollow fiber was converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by grafting with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS). The as-prepared hydrophobic YSZ hollow fiber exhibited desired water desalination performance operating in the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). A water flux as high as 48.3 L/(m²•h)was attained with a salt rejection of over 99.7% by exposing the shell side of the fiber to an aqueous solution of 4wt% NaCl at 80℃ and vacuuming the lumen side to a pressure of 4×10³Pa. The membrane distillation performance of the hydrophobic porous YSZ hollow fiber is comparable to the best of polymer membrane, which is promising for water desalination application.

Key words: yttrium-stabilized zirconia, hollow fiber, microstructure, membrane distillation

中图分类号:

TQ174

尚双银, 方宏, 任春雷, 杨萍华, 陈初升. 膜蒸馏海水淡化用疏水性钇稳定氧化锆中空纤维膜的制备与表征[J]. 无机材料学报, 2013, 28(4): 393-397.

SHANG Shuang-Yin, FANG Hong, REN Chun-Lei, YANG Ping-Hua, CHEN Chu-Sheng. Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Porous Yttria-stabilized Zirconia Hollow Fiber for Water Desalination[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(4): 393-397.

图/表 7

图1 多孔YSZ中空纤维膜的SEM照片

Fig. 1 SEM images of the YSZ hollow fiber

图2 多孔YSZ中空纤维膜的孔径分布

Fig. 2 Pore size distribution of the sintered YSZ hollow fiber membrane

图3 多孔YSZ中空纤维膜与水的接触角

Fig. 3 Water contact angle of YSZ membrane with water

图4 FAS表面修饰前后多孔YSZ中空纤维膜的气体渗透性与纯水通量

Fig. 4 N2 permeance and pure water flux of the membrane before and after grafting with FAS

图 5 给出了水渗透通量随盐水浓度、温度的变化关系。由图可见, 盐水温度恒定时, 水渗透通量随盐水浓度的增大略有降低。由于盐水浓度的增大会降低盐水的水蒸汽压, 膜蒸馏过程的传质驱动力是膜两侧的蒸汽压差, 渗透侧压强恒定的情况下, 料液侧水蒸汽压的降低直接导致膜两侧的蒸汽压差减小, 从而使渗透通量减小。即使盐水浓度为6wt%, 水渗透通量也高达46.2 L/(m2•h)。可以看出, 膜蒸馏技术要优于反渗透技术。处理高浓度的盐水溶液时, 反渗透的效率很低: 如果处理6wt%的盐水溶液时, 需要的反渗透压强至少为5×106 Pa。

图5 FAS修饰的纤维膜的膜蒸馏盐水淡化性能

Fig. 5 Membrane distillation water desalination performance of FAS-grafted YSZ hollow fiber

Table 1 Separation performance of several kinds of membranes for desalination

Application*	Membrane material	Membrane morphology	Feed solution	Water permeation flux /(L·m^-2·h^-1)	Reference
VMD	YSZ	hollow fiber	4wt% NaCl solution, 70℃	35.4	This work
VMD	Alumina	hollow fiber	4wt% NaCl solution, 70℃	30.9	[4]
VMD	Si₃N₄	hollow fiber	4wt% NaCl solution, 70℃	22.3	[5]

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膜蒸馏海水淡化用疏水性钇稳定氧化锆中空纤维膜的制备与表征

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Porous Yttria-stabilized Zirconia Hollow Fiber for Water Desalination

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