图1 NiMoOP/NF的微观形貌

Fig. 1 Microstructure of NiMoOP/NF (a-c) SEM images; (d-f) TEM images

图2 NiMoO4·xH2O/NF和NiMoOP/NF的XRD图谱和XPS图谱

Fig. 2 XRD patterns and XPS spectra of NiMoO4·xH2O/NF and NiMoOP/NF (a) XRD patterns; (b) Full XPS spectra; (c) Ni2p XPS spectra; (d) Mo3d XPS spectra; (e) O1s XPS spectra; (f) P2p XPS spectrum

图3 NiMoOP/NF的电化学性能测试以及与其他催化材料性能对比

Fig. 3 Electrochemical performance tests of NiMoOP/NF and comparison with other catalytic materials (a) LSV curves; (b) Overpotentials; (c) Tafel plots; (d) Comparison of overpotentials for Ni-based catalysts; (e) I-t curve at -0.9 V (vs. RHE) without IR correction; (f) LSV curves of the catalyst before and after the 1100 h stability test; (g) Comparison of catalysts durability. Colorful figures are available on website

图4 NiMoOP/NF和其他材料的OER活性

Fig. 4 OER performance of NiMoOP/NF and other catalytic materials (a) LSV curves; (b) Overpotentials; (c) Tafel plots; (d) Comparison of overpotentials with different catalysts. Colorful figures are available on website

图5 NiMoOP/NF的全水解性能测试及STH计算

Fig. 5 Performance and STH calculation of overall water splitting for NiMoOP/NF (a) LSV curves for overall water splitting; (b) Comparison of cell voltages at 10 and 100 mA·cm-2; (c) J-V curves of crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells and polarization curves of the overall water splitting system; (d) Overall water splitting performance test under industrial simulation conditions (30% (in mass) KOH, 60 ℃). Colorful figures are available on website

图6 (a)非储能和(b)储能模式下的LCOH

Fig. 6 LCOH in (a) non-storage and (b) storage modes

图S1 NiMoO4·xH2O/NF的微观形貌

Fig. S1 S1 Microstructures of NiMoO4·xH2O/NF (a-c) SEM images; (d, e) TEM images; (f) Selected area HRTEM image

图S2 四种催化材料在大电流密度下消除扩散效应的Tafel图谱

Fig. S2 Tafel plots of four catalytic materials for eliminating diffusion effects at high current densities

图S3 (a) NiMoO4·xH2O/NF、NiMoOP/NF和NF的奈奎斯特谱图; (b) NiMoO4·xH2O/NF和(c) NiMoOP/NF的伯德谱图

Fig. S3 (a) Nyquist plots of NiMoO4·xH2O/NF, NiMoOP/NF, and NF; (b, c) Bode plots of (b) NiMoO4·xH2O/NF and (c) NiMoOP/NF

图S4 补充电解液的I-t曲线

Fig. S4 I-t curve of the supplementary electrolyte

图S5 NiMoOP/NF的电化学活化现象和离子溶出数据

Fig. S5 Electrochemical activation phenomenon and ion dissolution data of NiMoOP/NF (a) I-t curve during initial 5 h of reaction; (b) Ni and Mo elemental concentrations in the electrolyte at initial stage of the reaction; (c) Ni and (d) Mo elemental concentrations in the electrolyte after 600 and 1100 h reaction

图S6 NiMoOP/NF在50 h HER前后的XPS图谱

Fig. S6 XPS spectra of NiMoOP/NF before and after 50 h of HER (a) Ni2p; (b) Mo3d; (c) O1s; (d) P2p

图S7 NiMoOP/NF在10 h HER前后的CV曲线和双电层电容

Fig. S7 CV curves and double-layer capacitance of NiMoOP/NF before and after 10 h of HER (a) Initial NiMoOP/NF; (b) NiMoOP/NF after 10 h of HER; (c) Double-layer capacitance before and after HER

图S8 1100 h稳定性测试后NiMoOP/NF不同放大倍数的SEM照片

Fig. S8 SEM images of NiMoOP/NF at various magnifications after 1100 h of HER durability testing

图S9 NiMoOP/NF的法拉第效率测试

Fig. S9 Faraday efficiency testing of NiMoOP/NF (a) Faraday efficiency results; (b) Photo of liquid level before reaction; (c) Photo of liquid level after reaction

图S10 在(a~c)非储能和(d~f)储能模式, (a, d) 4.19、(b, e) 4.5、(c, f) 5 kWh·Nm-3条件下系统各模块运行情况

Fig. S10 Operation of each system module at (a, d) 4.19, (b, e) 4.5 and (c, f) 5 kWh·Nm-3 under (a-c) non-storage and (d-f) storage modes