Ba(Nd1/2Nb1/2)O3: 一种被低估的K40微波介质陶瓷

doi:10.15541/jim20240476

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 639-646.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240476

Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: 一种被低估的K40微波介质陶瓷

何国强(), 张恺恒, 王震涛, 包健, 席兆琛, 方振, 王昌昊, 王威, 王鑫, 姜佳沛, 李祥坤, 周迪()

西安交通大学电子与信息学部, 电子科学与工程学院, 西安 710049

收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2025-01-04 出版日期:2025-06-20 网络出版日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: 周迪, 教授. E-mail: zhoudi1220@xjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:何国强(1998-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: Guoqiang_0327@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U24A2052);国家自然科学基金(52202146);中央高校基本业务费(xzy022024059)

Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: An Underrated K40 Microwave Dielectric Ceramic

HE Guoqiang(), ZHANG Kaiheng, WANG Zhentao, BAO Jian, XI Zhaochen, FANG Zhen, WANG Changhao, WANG Wei, WANG Xin, JIANG Jiapei, LI Xiangkun, ZHOU Di()

School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2025-01-04 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-01-24
Contact: ZHOU Di, professor. E-mail: zhoudi1220@xjtu.edu.cn
About author:HE Guoqiang (1998-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: Guoqiang_0327@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2052);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202146);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xzy022024059)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微波介质陶瓷是电子通信领域中不可或缺的材料, 尤其是在高频通信领域。因其独特的介电特性, 如高相对介电常数ε_r、低介质损耗和接近零的谐振频率温度系数τ_f, 而被广泛应用于微波谐振器、滤波器、振荡器等微波元器件中。本研究制备了一种具有中介电常数的Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃(BNN)陶瓷, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和Rietveld精修确认其为单斜晶系, 空间群为C12/m1。随着烧结温度的升高, 陶瓷的密度先增大后减小, 其体积密度(ρ_obs)和相对密度(ρ_rel)在1550 ℃烧结时达到最大值, 分别为6.32 g/cm³和98%。在1525 ℃烧结时, 陶瓷展现出最佳的微波介电性能: ε_r=38.44, 品质因数Q×f=25400 GHz, τ_f=-6×10^-6 ℃^-1。值得注意的是, 与文献研究报道的11700 GHz相比, 本研究制备的BNN陶瓷的Q×f提升了117%, 这表明BNN陶瓷的微波介电性能可能因测试方法、原料性质及制备工艺等因素而被低估。此外, 利用这种陶瓷材料设计并仿真了一款全介质频率选择表面(Frequency Selective Surface, FSS), 其相对带宽约为23.3%, 显示出优异的选频性能。BNN陶瓷的上述特性不仅显示了其在微波介质陶瓷材料中的潜力, 而且其在FSS仿真中的出色表现也进一步被证实是一种被低估的微波介质陶瓷材料。

关键词: 微波介质陶瓷, 中介电常数, 复合钙钛矿, 频率选择表面

Abstract:

Microwave dielectric ceramics are indispensable materials in the field of electronic communication, especially in high-frequency applications. They are widely used in microwave components such as resonators, filters, and oscillators due to their unique dielectric properties, including high relative dielectric constant (ε_r), low dielectric loss, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) close to zero. In this study, a Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ (BNN) ceramic with a medium dielectric constant was prepared, which was confirmed to be monoclinic system with the space group C12/m1 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement. As the sintering temperature increasing, the samples' densities initially rose, reaching a maximum bulk density (ρ_obs) of 6.32 g/cm³ and a relative density (ρ_rel) of 98% at 1550 ℃ before subsequently decreasing. The sample sintered at 1525 ℃ showed the best microwave dielectric properties: ε_r=38.44, a quality factor Q×f=25400 GHz, and τ_f=-6×10^-6 ℃^-1. It is worth noting that compared to the previously reported value of 11700 GHz, the Q×f value of BNN ceramic in this study increased by 117%, indicating that the microwave dielectric properties of BNN ceramic may have been underestimated due to factors such as testing methods, raw material properties and processing conditions. In addition, a full-dielectric frequency selective surface (FSS) was designed and simulated using this ceramic material, achieving a relative bandwidth of about 23.3%, and demonstrating excellent frequency selection performance. These attributes underscore the potential of BNN ceramics for applications in microwave dielectric ceramic materials and affirm its previously underestimated capabilities, as evidenced by the remarkable performance observed in FSS simulation.

Key words: microwave dielectric ceramic, medium dielectric constant, composite chalcogenide, frequency selective surface

中图分类号:

TQ174

何国强, 张恺恒, 王震涛, 包健, 席兆琛, 方振, 王昌昊, 王威, 王鑫, 姜佳沛, 李祥坤, 周迪. Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: 一种被低估的K40微波介质陶瓷[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(6): 639-646.

HE Guoqiang, ZHANG Kaiheng, WANG Zhentao, BAO Jian, XI Zhaochen, FANG Zhen, WANG Changhao, WANG Wei, WANG Xin, JIANG Jiapei, LI Xiangkun, ZHOU Di. Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: An Underrated K40 Microwave Dielectric Ceramic[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(6): 639-646.

图/表 9

图1 不同温度烧结的BNN陶瓷的XRD图谱(a)和局部放大图谱(b)

Fig. 1 XRD patterns (a) and localized magnified patterns (b) of BNN ceramics sintered at different temperatures

图2 不同温度烧结的BNN陶瓷的XRD精修图谱(a~e)和晶格参数随烧结温度的变化趋势(f)

Fig. 2 XRD refinement patterns (a-e) and variations of lattice parameters with sintering temperature (f) of BNN ceramics sintered at different temperatures (a) 1500 ℃; (b) 1525 ℃; (c) 1550 ℃; (d) 1575 ℃; (e) 1600 ℃. Colorful figures are available on website

表1 BNN陶瓷的晶体学参数及R因子

Table 1 Crystallographic parameters and R-factors of BNN ceramics

Sintering temperature/℃	a/Å	b/Å	c/Å	α/(°)	β/(°)	γ/(°)	V/Å³	R_wp/%	GOF
1500	6.08122	6.04673	8.54026	90	90	90.1595	314.038	5.33	2.56
1525	6.04613	6.04279	8.58079	90	90	90.3715	313.499	4.97	2.48
1550	6.04591	6.04162	8.57837	90	90	90.3576	313.337	4.65	2.30
1575	6.04643	6.04159	8.57961	90	90	90.3573	313.408	5.00	2.48
1600	6.08241	6.04409	8.53991	90	90	90.1503	313.949	5.90	2.83

图3 BNN陶瓷的晶体结构

Fig. 3 Crystal structure of BNN ceramics

图4 (a~e)不同温度烧结的BNN陶瓷的SEM照片, 插图为晶粒尺寸分布图; (f)平均晶粒尺寸随烧结温度的变化趋势

Fig. 4 (a-e) SEM images of sintered BNN ceramics at different temperatures with insets showing grain size distributions; (f) Variation of average grain size with sintering temperature (a) 1500 ℃; (b)1525 ℃; (c)1550 ℃; (d)1575 ℃; (e)1600 ℃

图5 BNN陶瓷的微波介电性能随烧结温度的变化趋势

Fig. 5 Variation of microwave dielectric properties of BNN ceramics with sintering temperature (a) εr; (b) Q×f; (c) τf

图6 BNN陶瓷的ρobs、ρthe和ρrel随烧结温度的变化

Fig. 6 Variations of ρobs, ρthe and ρrel of BNN ceramics with sintering temperature

图7 BNN陶瓷的εr和εcor随烧结温度的变化

Fig. 7 Variations of εr and εcor of BNN ceramics with sintering temperature

图8 全介质频率选择表面

Fig. 8 All-dielectric frequency selection surface (a) Simulation model; (b, c) Distributions of electric field and magnetic field of the sample under two reflection pole; (d) Reflection and transmission characteristics of FSS; (e) FSS normalized the real and imaginary parts of the impedance; (f) Simulation results. Colorful figures are available on website

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Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: 一种被低估的K40微波介质陶瓷

Ba(Nd_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃: An Underrated K40 Microwave Dielectric Ceramic

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